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The Association between Social Determinants of Health and Self-Reported Diabetic Retinopathy: An Exploratory Analysis

Author

Listed:
  • Emily L. Silverberg

    (Department of Translational Medicine, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA
    Shared first authorship/equal contributions.)

  • Trevor W. Sterling

    (Department of Translational Medicine, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA
    Shared first authorship/equal contributions.)

  • Tyler H. Williams

    (Department of Translational Medicine, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA
    Shared first authorship/equal contributions.)

  • Grettel Castro

    (Department of Translational Medicine, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA)

  • Pura Rodriguez de la Vega

    (Department of Translational Medicine, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA)

  • Noël C. Barengo

    (Department of Translational Medicine, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA
    Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, 00100 Helsinki, Finland
    Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, College of Medicine, Riga Stradins University, LV-1007 Riga, Latvia)

Abstract

One-third of Americans with diabetes will develop diabetic retinopathy (DR), the leading cause of blindness in working-age Americans. Social determinants of health (SDOHs) are conditions in a person’s environment that may impact health. The objective of this study was to determine whether there is an association between SDOHs and DR in patients with type II diabetes. This cross-section study used data from the 2018 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS). This study included people with self-reported diabetes in the US in 2018 (n = 60,703). Exposure variables included homeownership, marital status, income, health care coverage, completed level of education, and urban vs. rural environment. The outcome variable was DR. Logistic regression analysis were applied to calculate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Alaskan Native/Native American (OR 2.11; 95% CI: 1.14–3.90), out of work (OR 2.82; 95% CI: 1.62–4.92), unable to work (OR 2.14; 95% CI: 1.57–2.91), did not graduate high school (OR 1.91; 95% CI: 1.30–2.79), only graduated high school (OR 1.43; 95% CI 1.08–1.97), or only attended college or technical school without graduating (OR 1.42; 95% CI: 1.09–1.86) were SDOHs associated with DR in patients with diabetes. Health care providers should identify these possible SDOHs affecting their diabetic patients.

Suggested Citation

  • Emily L. Silverberg & Trevor W. Sterling & Tyler H. Williams & Grettel Castro & Pura Rodriguez de la Vega & Noël C. Barengo, 2021. "The Association between Social Determinants of Health and Self-Reported Diabetic Retinopathy: An Exploratory Analysis," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(2), pages 1-12, January.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:18:y:2021:i:2:p:792-:d:482591
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Rahima Muhammad Kashim & Paul Newton & Omorogieva Ojo, 2018. "Diabetic Retinopathy Screening: A Systematic Review on Patients’ Non-Attendance," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 15(1), pages 1-12, January.
    2. Sven-Erik Bursell & Stephanie J Fonda & Drew G Lewis & Mark B Horton, 2018. "Prevalence of diabetic retinopathy and diabetic macular edema in a primary care-based teleophthalmology program for American Indians and Alaskan Natives," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 13(6), pages 1-18, June.
    3. Mitsuhiko Funakoshi & Yasushi Azami & Hisashi Matsumoto & Akemi Ikota & Koichi Ito & Hisashi Okimoto & Nobuaki Shimizu & Fumihiro Tsujimura & Hiroshi Fukuda & Chozi Miyagi & Sayaka Osawa & Ryo Osawa &, 2017. "Socioeconomic status and type 2 diabetes complications among young adult patients in Japan," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 12(4), pages 1-14, April.
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