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Primary and Secondary Health Impacts of COVID-19 among Minority Individuals in New York State

Author

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  • Lauren A. Clay

    (Department of Health Administration and Public Health, D’Youville College, Buffalo, NY 14201, USA
    School of Global Public Health, New York University, New York, NY 10003, USA)

  • Stephanie Rogus

    (Department of Family and Consumer Sciences, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM 88003, USA)

Abstract

In addition to the direct health impacts of COVID-19, the pandemic disrupted economic, educational, healthcare, and social systems in the US. This cross-sectional study examined the primary and secondary impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic among low-income and minority groups in New York State using the social determinants of health framework. New Yorkers were recruited to complete a web-based survey through Qualtrics. The survey took place in May and June 2020 and asked respondents about COVID-19 health impacts, risk factors, and concerns. Chi-square analysis examined the health effects experienced by race and ethnicity, and significant results were analyzed in a series of logistic regression models. Results showed disparities in the primary and secondary impacts of COVID-19. The majority of differences were reported between Hispanic and white respondents. The largest differences, in terms of magnitude, were reported between other or multiracial respondents and white respondents. Given the disproportionate burden of COVID-19 on minority populations, improved policies and programs to address impacts on lower-paying essential jobs and service positions could reduce exposure risks and improve safety for minority populations. Future research can identify the long-term health consequences of the pandemic on the social determinants of health among populations most at risk.

Suggested Citation

  • Lauren A. Clay & Stephanie Rogus, 2021. "Primary and Secondary Health Impacts of COVID-19 among Minority Individuals in New York State," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(2), pages 1-11, January.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:18:y:2021:i:2:p:683-:d:480583
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Alec Bernard & Sara Weiss & Joshua D. Stein & Sheryl S. Ulin & Clive D’Souza & Anah Salgat & Kate Panzer & Anne Riddering & Paul Edwards & Michelle Meade & Michael M. McKee & Joshua R. Ehrlich, 2020. "Assessing the impact of COVID-19 on persons with disabilities: development of a novel survey," International Journal of Public Health, Springer;Swiss School of Public Health (SSPH+), vol. 65(6), pages 755-757, July.
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