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Can an Incremental Step Test Be Used for Maximal Lactate Steady State Determination in Swimming? Clues for Practice

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  • Mário C. Espada

    (Polytechnic Institute of Setúbal, Department of Science and Technology, 2914-514 Setubal, Portugal
    Quality of Life Research Centre, 2040-413 Rio Maior, Portugal)

  • Francisco B. Alves

    (Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, 1499-002 Cruz Quebrada-Dafundo, Portugal
    Interdisciplinary Center for the Study of Human Performance (CIPER), Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, 1499-002 Cruz Quebrada-Dafundo, Portugal)

  • Dália Curto

    (Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, 1499-002 Cruz Quebrada-Dafundo, Portugal)

  • Cátia C. Ferreira

    (Polytechnic Institute of Setúbal, Department of Science and Technology, 2914-514 Setubal, Portugal
    Training Optimization and Sports Performance Research Group (GOERD), Faculty of Sport Science, University of Extremadura, 10003 Cáceres, Spain)

  • Fernando J. Santos

    (Polytechnic Institute of Setúbal, Department of Science and Technology, 2914-514 Setubal, Portugal
    Quality of Life Research Centre, 2040-413 Rio Maior, Portugal
    Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, 1499-002 Cruz Quebrada-Dafundo, Portugal)

  • Dalton M. Pessôa-Filho

    (Department of Physical Education, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Bauru 17033-360, Brazil
    Institute of Bioscience, Graduate Program in Human Development and Technology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rio Claro 13506-900, Brazil)

  • Joana F. Reis

    (Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, 1499-002 Cruz Quebrada-Dafundo, Portugal
    Interdisciplinary Center for the Study of Human Performance (CIPER), Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, 1499-002 Cruz Quebrada-Dafundo, Portugal)

Abstract

We aimed to compare the velocity, physiological responses, and stroke mechanics between the lactate parameters determined in an incremental step test (IST) and maximal lactate steady state (MLSS). Fourteen well-trained male swimmers (16.8 ± 2.8 years) were timed for 400 m and 200 m (T 200 ). Afterwards, a 7 × 200-m front-crawl IST was performed. Swimming velocity, heart rate (HR), blood lactate concentration (BLC), stroke mechanics, and rate of perceived exertion (RPE) were measured throughout the IST and in the 30-min continuous test (CT) bouts for MLSS determination. Swimming velocities at lactate threshold determined with log-log methodology (1.34 ± 0.06 m∙s −1 ) and Dmax methodology (1.40 ± 0.06 m∙s −1 ); and also, the velocity at BLC of 4 mmol∙L −1 (1.36 ± 0.07) were not significantly different from MLSSv, however, Bland–Altman analysis showed wide limits of agreement and the concordance correlation coefficient showed poor strength of agreement between the aforementioned parameters which precludes their interchangeable use. Stroke mechanics, HR, RPE, and BLC in MLSSv were not significantly different from the fourth repetition of IST (85% of T 200 ), which by itself can provide useful support to daily practice of well-trained swimmers. Nevertheless, the determination of MLSS v , based on a CT, remains more accurate for exercise evaluation and prescription.

Suggested Citation

  • Mário C. Espada & Francisco B. Alves & Dália Curto & Cátia C. Ferreira & Fernando J. Santos & Dalton M. Pessôa-Filho & Joana F. Reis, 2021. "Can an Incremental Step Test Be Used for Maximal Lactate Steady State Determination in Swimming? Clues for Practice," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(2), pages 1-13, January.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:18:y:2021:i:2:p:477-:d:477163
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Argyris G. Toubekis & Gavriil G. Arsoniadis & Petros G. Botonis & Ioannis S. Nikitakis & Dimitrios Kalokiris, 2017. "Effects of Successive Annual Training on Aerobic Endurance Indices in Young Swimmers," The Open Sports Sciences Journal, Bentham Open, vol. 10(1), pages 214-221, November.
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