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The Effect of Nut Consumption on Diet Quality, Cardiometabolic and Gastrointestinal Health in Children: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials

Author

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  • Lauren C Mead

    (UniSA Allied Health and Human Performance, University of South Australia, Adelaide 5000, Australia
    Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity (ARENA), University of South Adelaide, Adelaide 5000, Australia)

  • Alison M Hill

    (Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity (ARENA), University of South Adelaide, Adelaide 5000, Australia
    UniSA Clinical & Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide 5000, Australia)

  • Sharayah Carter

    (UniSA Allied Health and Human Performance, University of South Australia, Adelaide 5000, Australia
    Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity (ARENA), University of South Adelaide, Adelaide 5000, Australia)

  • Alison M Coates

    (UniSA Allied Health and Human Performance, University of South Australia, Adelaide 5000, Australia
    Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity (ARENA), University of South Adelaide, Adelaide 5000, Australia)

Abstract

Tree nuts and ground nuts are nutrient-rich foods known to improve human health when consumed regularly in the diet. Past observational studies suggest that nuts improve adult and child health; however, limited randomized control trials (RCTs) have assessed the health effects of nuts in children. Using a systematic review approach, we examined the effect of nut intake on health outcomes in children aged 8–18 years. We searched PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, EMBASE and Cochrane library to identify RCTs of interest. A total of 5783 articles were identified, 4821 were screened by title and abstract and 37 by full text resulting in four articles that met the inclusion criteria for the review. Nut consumption was between 15 and 30 g with durations of between 3 and 16 weeks. Nut consumption was shown to improve children’s diet quality (increase children’s intake of essential nutrients including fats (monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fats), protein and fiber), there were inconsistent effects on biomarkers of cardiometabolic health (improve lipid profiles, microvascular reactivity and inflammation) and gastrointestinal health (increase in the proportion of beneficial fecal bacteria). Further studies exploring the broad health benefits of nuts in children are needed with consideration given to higher doses and longer intervention periods.

Suggested Citation

  • Lauren C Mead & Alison M Hill & Sharayah Carter & Alison M Coates, 2021. "The Effect of Nut Consumption on Diet Quality, Cardiometabolic and Gastrointestinal Health in Children: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(2), pages 1-15, January.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:18:y:2021:i:2:p:454-:d:476915
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Emmanuelle Le Chatelier & Trine Nielsen & Junjie Qin & Edi Prifti & Falk Hildebrand & Gwen Falony & Mathieu Almeida & Manimozhiyan Arumugam & Jean-Michel Batto & Sean Kennedy & Pierre Leonard & Junhua, 2013. "Richness of human gut microbiome correlates with metabolic markers," Nature, Nature, vol. 500(7464), pages 541-546, August.
    2. Kenneth F Schulz & Douglas G Altman & David Moher & for the CONSORT Group, 2010. "CONSORT 2010 Statement: Updated Guidelines for Reporting Parallel Group Randomised Trials," PLOS Medicine, Public Library of Science, vol. 7(3), pages 1-7, March.
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