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A Golf Course Quality Scale (GCQS): Validity and Reliability Testing on Spanish Golf Courses

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  • Francisco Cavas-García

    (Department of Physical Activity and Sports, CEIR Campus Mare Nostrum (CMN), University of Murcia, Santiago de la Ribera, 30720 San Javier, Spain)

  • Alfonso Martínez-Moreno

    (Department of Physical Activity and Sports, CEIR Campus Mare Nostrum (CMN), University of Murcia, Santiago de la Ribera, 30720 San Javier, Spain)

  • José María López-Gullón

    (Department of Physical Activity and Sports, CEIR Campus Mare Nostrum (CMN), University of Murcia, Santiago de la Ribera, 30720 San Javier, Spain)

  • Arturo Díaz-Suárez

    (Department of Physical Activity and Sports, CEIR Campus Mare Nostrum (CMN), University of Murcia, Santiago de la Ribera, 30720 San Javier, Spain)

Abstract

The objective of this study was to evaluate the psychometric properties, in terms of validity and reproducibility, of the Golf Course Quality Scale (GCQS) in the Spanish golf course context. The GCQS is a scale that measures the quality of a golf course perceived by its users. It is comprised of 22 five-point Likert scale items, ranging from 1 (disagree) to 5 (totally agree). The items were grouped into five dimensions: services, etiquette, facilities, golf courses, and staff. A translated and adapted version of the Australian CQS questionnaire was administered to a total of 401 federated golf players in the Region of Murcia (RM). The margin of error was 4.9% with a confidence level of 95%. Of the total sample, 88.5% were men and 11.5% were women. The participants were between the ages of 18 and 80 ( M = 54.1, SD = 14.3). Following an exploratory factor analysis (EFA) to determine the suitability of the proposed items and the factorial structure of the scale, a confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was performed using structural equations under the maximum likelihood extraction method. This assessed the fit of the model and its internal consistency, with values above 0.79. In conclusion, the validity and reliability of this psychometric scale for the purposes of evaluating the quality of golf courses perceived by their users have been verified. The results confirm that the scale is a useful tool for golf course research and management.

Suggested Citation

  • Francisco Cavas-García & Alfonso Martínez-Moreno & José María López-Gullón & Arturo Díaz-Suárez, 2021. "A Golf Course Quality Scale (GCQS): Validity and Reliability Testing on Spanish Golf Courses," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(24), pages 1-10, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:18:y:2021:i:24:p:13301-:d:704607
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. De Knop, Paul & Hoecke, Jo Van & De Bosscher, Veerle, 2004. "Quality Management in Sports Clubs," Sport Management Review, Elsevier, vol. 7(1), pages 57-77, May.
    2. Paul De Knop & Jo Van Hoecke & Veerle De Bosscher, 2004. "Quality Management in Sports Clubs," Sport Management Review, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 7(1), pages 57-77, January.
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