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Low-Level Groundwater Atrazine in High Atrazine Usage Nebraska Counties: Likely Effects of Excessive Groundwater Abstraction

Author

Listed:
  • Moses New-Aaron

    (Department of Environmental Health, Occupational Health and Toxicology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA)

  • Olufemi Abimbola

    (Department of Biological Systems Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583-0726, USA)

  • Raheleh Mohammadi

    (Department of Epidemiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA)

  • Oluwaseun Famojuro

    (Department of Epidemiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA)

  • Zaeema Naveed

    (School of Population and Public Health, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada)

  • Azar Abadi

    (Department of Environmental Health, Occupational Health and Toxicology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA)

  • Jesse E. Bell

    (Department of Environmental Health, Occupational Health and Toxicology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA)

  • Shannon Bartelt-Hunt

    (Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Omaha, NE 68182-0178, USA)

  • Eleanor G. Rogan

    (Department of Environmental Health, Occupational Health and Toxicology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA)

Abstract

Recent studies observed a correlation between estrogen-related cancers and groundwater atrazine in eastern Nebraska counties. However, the mechanisms of human exposure to atrazine are unclear because low groundwater atrazine concentration was observed in counties with high cancer incidence despite having the highest atrazine usage. We studied groundwater atrazine fate in high atrazine usage Nebraska counties. Data were collected from Quality Assessed Agrichemical Contaminant Nebraska Groundwater, Parameter–Elevation Regressions on Independent Slopes Model (PRISM), and water use databases. Descriptive statistics and cluster analysis were performed. Domestic wells (59%) were the predominant well type. Groundwater atrazine was affected by well depth. Clusters consisting of wells with low atrazine were characterized by excessive groundwater abstraction, reduced precipitation, high population, discharge areas, and metropolitan counties. Hence, low groundwater atrazine may be due to excessive groundwater abstraction accompanied by atrazine. Human exposure to atrazine in abstracted groundwater may be higher than the estimated amount in groundwater.

Suggested Citation

  • Moses New-Aaron & Olufemi Abimbola & Raheleh Mohammadi & Oluwaseun Famojuro & Zaeema Naveed & Azar Abadi & Jesse E. Bell & Shannon Bartelt-Hunt & Eleanor G. Rogan, 2021. "Low-Level Groundwater Atrazine in High Atrazine Usage Nebraska Counties: Likely Effects of Excessive Groundwater Abstraction," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(24), pages 1-19, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:18:y:2021:i:24:p:13241-:d:703332
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Christopher Ddidigwu Nwani & Wazir Singh Lakra & Naresh Sahebrao Nagpure & Ravindra Kumar & Basdeo Kushwaha & Satish Kumar Srivastava, 2010. "Toxicity of the Herbicide Atrazine: Effects on Lipid Peroxidation and Activities of Antioxidant Enzymes in the Freshwater Fish Channa P unctatus (Bloch)," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 7(8), pages 1-15, August.
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    Cited by:

    1. Walter M. Warren-Vega & Armando Campos-Rodríguez & Ana I. Zárate-Guzmán & Luis A. Romero-Cano, 2023. "A Current Review of Water Pollutants in American Continent: Trends and Perspectives in Detection, Health Risks, and Treatment Technologies," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(5), pages 1-18, March.

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