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Ambient Cumulative PM2.5 Exposure and the Risk of Lung Cancer Incidence and Mortality: A Retrospective Cohort Study

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  • Hung-Ling Huang

    (Kaohsiung Municipal Ta-Tung Hospital, Kaohsiung 801, Taiwan
    Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
    Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
    Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan)

  • Yung-Hsin Chuang

    (Research Center for Humanities and Social Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan)

  • Tzu-Hsuan Lin

    (Research Center for Humanities and Social Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan)

  • Changqing Lin

    (Division of Environment and Sustainability, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China)

  • Yen-Hsu Chen

    (Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
    School of Medicine, Graduate Institute of Medicine, Sepsis Research Center, Center of Tropical Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
    Department of Biological Science and Technology, College of Biological Science and Technology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan)

  • Jen-Yu Hung

    (Kaohsiung Municipal Ta-Tung Hospital, Kaohsiung 801, Taiwan
    Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
    Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
    School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan)

  • Ta-Chien Chan

    (Research Center for Humanities and Social Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
    Institute of Public Health, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112, Taiwan)

Abstract

Smoking, sex, air pollution, lifestyle, and diet may act independently or in concert with each other to contribute to the different outcomes of lung cancer (LC). This study aims to explore their associations with the carcinogenesis of LC, which will be useful for formulating further preventive strategies. This retrospective, longitudinal follow-up cohort study was carried out by connecting to the MJ Health Database, Taiwan Cancer Registry database, and Taiwan cause of death database from 2000 to 2015. The studied subjects were persons attending the health check-ups, distributed throughout the main island of Taiwan. Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to investigate the risk factors associated with LC development and mortality after stratifying by smoking status, with a special emphasis on ambient two-year average PM 2.5 exposure, using a satellite-based spatiotemporal model at a resolution of 1 km 2 , and on dietary habit including consumption of fruits and vegetables. After a median follow-up of 12.3 years, 736 people developed LC, and 401 people died of LC-related causes. For never smokers, the risk of developing LC (aHR: 1.32, 95%CI: 1.12–1.56) and dying from LC-related causes (aHR: 1.28, 95%CI: 1.01–1.63) rises significantly with every 10 μg/m 3 increment of PM 2.5 exposure, but not for ever smokers. Daily consumption of more than two servings of vegetables and fruits is associated with lowering LC risk in ever smokers (aHR: 0.68, 95%CI: 0.47–0.97), and preventing PM 2.5 exposure is associated with lowering LC risk for never smokers.

Suggested Citation

  • Hung-Ling Huang & Yung-Hsin Chuang & Tzu-Hsuan Lin & Changqing Lin & Yen-Hsu Chen & Jen-Yu Hung & Ta-Chien Chan, 2021. "Ambient Cumulative PM2.5 Exposure and the Risk of Lung Cancer Incidence and Mortality: A Retrospective Cohort Study," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(23), pages 1-14, November.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:18:y:2021:i:23:p:12400-:d:687947
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Qucheng Deng & Yongping Wei & Lijuan Chen & Wei Liang & Jijun Du & Yuling Tan & Yinjun Zhao, 2019. "Relationship between Air Pollution and Regional Longevity in Guangxi, China," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(19), pages 1-12, October.
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