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Elemental Composition of PM 2.5 and PM 10 and Health Risks Assessment in the Industrial Districts of Chelyabinsk, South Ural Region, Russia

Author

Listed:
  • Tatyana G. Krupnova

    (Institute of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, South Ural State University, 454080 Chelyabinsk, Russia)

  • Olga V. Rakova

    (Institute of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, South Ural State University, 454080 Chelyabinsk, Russia)

  • Kirill A. Bondarenko

    (Institute of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, South Ural State University, 454080 Chelyabinsk, Russia)

  • Artem F. Saifullin

    (Institute of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, South Ural State University, 454080 Chelyabinsk, Russia)

  • Darya A. Popova

    (Institute of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, South Ural State University, 454080 Chelyabinsk, Russia)

  • Sanja Potgieter-Vermaak

    (Ecology & Environment Research Centre, Department of Natural Science, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester M1 5GD, UK
    Molecular Science Institute, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2000, South Africa)

  • Ricardo H. M. Godoi

    (Environmental Engineering Department, Federal University of Parana, Curitiba 80060-240, Brazil)

Abstract

Air pollution impacts all populations globally, indiscriminately and has site-specific variation and characteristics. Airborne particulate matter (PM) levels were monitored in a typical industrial Russian city, Chelyabinsk in three destinations, one characterized by high traffic volumes and two by industrial zone emissions. The mass concentration and trace metal content of PM 2.5 and PM 10 were obtained from samples collected during four distinct seasons of 2020. The mean 24-h PM 10 ranged between 6 and 64 μg/m 3 . 24-h PM 2.5 levels were reported from 5 to 56 μg/m 3 . About half of the 24-h PM 10 and most of the PM 2.5 values in Chelyabinsk were higher than the WHO recommendations. The mean PM 2.5 /PM 10 ratio was measured at 0.85, indicative of anthropogenic input. To evaluate the Al, Fe, As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn concentration in PM 2.5 and PM 10 , inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) was used. Fe (337–732 ng/m 3 ) was the most abundant component in PM 2.5 and PM 10 samples while Zn (77–206 ng/m 3 ), Mn (10–96 ng/m 3 ), and Pb (11–41 ng/m 3 ) had the highest concentrations among trace elements. Total non-carcinogenic risks for children were found higher than 1, indicating possible health hazards. This study also presents that the carcinogenic risk for As, Cr, Co, Cd, Ni, and Pb were observed higher than the acceptable limit (1 × 10 −6 ).

Suggested Citation

  • Tatyana G. Krupnova & Olga V. Rakova & Kirill A. Bondarenko & Artem F. Saifullin & Darya A. Popova & Sanja Potgieter-Vermaak & Ricardo H. M. Godoi, 2021. "Elemental Composition of PM 2.5 and PM 10 and Health Risks Assessment in the Industrial Districts of Chelyabinsk, South Ural Region, Russia," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(23), pages 1-16, November.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:18:y:2021:i:23:p:12354-:d:686942
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Tatyana G. Krupnova & Olga V. Rakova & Galina P. Struchkova & Sardana A. Tikhonova & Tamara A. Kapitonova & Svetlana V. Gavrilkina & Aleksandra V. Bulanova & Olga N. Yakimova, 2021. "Insights into Particle-Bound Metal(loid)s in Winter Snow Cover: Geochemical Monitoring of the Korkinsky Coal Mine Area, South Ural Region, Russia," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(9), pages 1-16, April.
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