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Development and Validation of a Graded Motor Imagery Intervention for Phantom Limb Pain in Patients with Amputations (GraMI Protocol): A Delphi Study

Author

Listed:
  • Sandra Rierola-Fochs

    (Research Group on Methodology, Methods, Models and Outcomes of Health and Social Sciences (M3O), Faculty of Health Sciences and Welfare, University of Vic-Central University of Catalonia (Uvic-UCC), C. Sagrada Familia, 7, 08500 Vic, Spain)

  • Luz Adriana Varela-Vásquez

    (Research Group on Methodology, Methods, Models and Outcomes of Health and Social Sciences (M3O), Faculty of Health Sciences and Welfare, University of Vic-Central University of Catalonia (Uvic-UCC), C. Sagrada Familia, 7, 08500 Vic, Spain)

  • Jose Antonio Merchán-Baeza

    (Research Group on Methodology, Methods, Models and Outcomes of Health and Social Sciences (M3O), Faculty of Health Sciences and Welfare, University of Vic-Central University of Catalonia (Uvic-UCC), C. Sagrada Familia, 7, 08500 Vic, Spain)

  • Eduard Minobes-Molina

    (Research Group on Methodology, Methods, Models and Outcomes of Health and Social Sciences (M3O), Faculty of Health Sciences and Welfare, University of Vic-Central University of Catalonia (Uvic-UCC), C. Sagrada Familia, 7, 08500 Vic, Spain)

Abstract

Background: Phantom limb pain can be defined as discomfort or pain in a missing part of the limb. The aims of this study were to develop and validate, through a Delphi methodology, a graded motor imagery protocol in order to reduce phantom limb pain. Method: Physiotherapists and/or occupational therapists with experience in research and a minimum clinical experience of five years in the field of neurorehabilitation and/or pain were recruited by part of a group of experts to assess the intervention. The study was conducted through an online questionnaire, where experts assessed each aspect of the intervention through a Likert scale. As many rounds as necessary were carried out until consensus was reached among experts. Results: A total of two rounds were required to fully validate the intervention. During the second round, the relative interquartile range of all aspects to be assessed was less than 15%, thus showing a consensus among experts and with good concordance (Kappa index of 0.76). Conclusion: Experts validated a graded motor imagery intervention of phantom limb pain in patients with amputations (GraMi protocol). This intervention can help to homogenize the use of graded motor imagery in future studies and in clinical practice.

Suggested Citation

  • Sandra Rierola-Fochs & Luz Adriana Varela-Vásquez & Jose Antonio Merchán-Baeza & Eduard Minobes-Molina, 2021. "Development and Validation of a Graded Motor Imagery Intervention for Phantom Limb Pain in Patients with Amputations (GraMI Protocol): A Delphi Study," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(22), pages 1-12, November.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:18:y:2021:i:22:p:12240-:d:684807
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    Cited by:

    1. Puthearath Chan, 2022. "An Empirical Study on Data Validation Methods of Delphi and General Consensus," Data, MDPI, vol. 7(2), pages 1-16, January.

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