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Traditional Cigarette and Poly-Tobacco Use Are Associated with Medical Opioid Use in Rural Areas of the US

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  • Mariaelena Gonzalez

    (Department of Public Health, School of Social Sciences Humanities and the Arts, University of California Merced, Merced, CA 95343, USA
    Nicotine and Cannabis Policy Center, University of California Merced, Merced, CA 95343, USA)

  • Ashley Sanders-Jackson

    (Department of Advertising and Public Relations, College of Communications Arts and Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA)

Abstract

Introduction: Medical prescriptions for opioids are higher in rural areas of the US as compared to urban areas. Tobacco use may also play a role in this process. This analysis examines the association between differing types of tobacco use and medical opioid use. Methods: We analyze the relationship between tobacco product use and medical opioid use among the US general population living in rural (non-metropolitan) areas using the publicly available sample adult file 2019 National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) ( n = 5028). Tobacco use was classified into the following categories: only using cigarettes, only using e-cigarettes/vapes, only using cigars, only using smokeless tobacco, or using two or more of the following products. We used a binary logistic regression, controlling for individual differences. Results: Individuals who reported using only traditional cigarettes (and no other tobacco product, OR = 1.62, 95% CI: 1.31, 2.01), or who reported being a poly-tobacco users (OR = 2.13, 95% CI: 1.40, 3.22) had higher odds of medical opioid use in the last twelve months. Conclusion: Results suggest a link between tobacco use, particularly cigarette use and poly-tobacco use, and medical opioid use in rural communities. Clinical and structural level interventions need to be implemented in rural communities to reduce comorbid tobacco and opioid use.

Suggested Citation

  • Mariaelena Gonzalez & Ashley Sanders-Jackson, 2021. "Traditional Cigarette and Poly-Tobacco Use Are Associated with Medical Opioid Use in Rural Areas of the US," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(22), pages 1-7, November.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:18:y:2021:i:22:p:11864-:d:677475
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Stein, E.M. & Gennuso, K.P. & Ugboaja, D.C. & Remington, P.L., 2017. "The epidemic of despair among white americans: Trends in the leading causes of premature death, 1999-2015," American Journal of Public Health, American Public Health Association, vol. 107(10), pages 1541-1547.
    2. repec:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/ajph.2017.303941_0 is not listed on IDEAS
    3. Erwin, P.C., 2017. "Despair in the American Heartland? A focus on rural health," American Journal of Public Health, American Public Health Association, vol. 107(10), pages 1533-1534.
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