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The Wildman Programme—Rehabilitation and Reconnection with Nature for Men with Mental or Physical Health Problems—A Matched-Control Study

Author

Listed:
  • Simon Høegmark

    (Department of Psychology, University of Southern Denmark, 5000 Odense, Denmark)

  • Tonny Elmose Andersen

    (Department of Psychology, University of Southern Denmark, 5000 Odense, Denmark)

  • Patrik Grahn

    (Department of People and Society, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-234 56 Alnarp, Sweden)

  • Anna Mejldal

    (Unit of Clinical Alcohol Research, Institute of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, 5000 Odense, Denmark)

  • Kirsten K. Roessler

    (Department of Psychology, University of Southern Denmark, 5000 Odense, Denmark)

Abstract

Men with health problems refuse to participate in rehabilitation programmes and drop out of healthcare offerings more often than women. Therefore, a nature-based rehabilitation programme was tailored specific to men with mental health problems, and long-term illnesses. The rehabilitation programme combines the use of nature, body, mind, and community spirit (NBMC) and is called the ‘Wildman Programme’. The presented study was designed as a matched-control study with an intervention group participating in the Wildman Programme (N = 114) compared to a control group receiving treatment as usual (N = 39). Outcomes were measured at baseline (T1), post-intervention (T2), and 6 months post-intervention (T3). The primary outcome was the participants’ quality of life measured by WHOQOL-BREF, which consists of four domains: physical health, psychological health, social relationships, and environment. The secondary outcomes were the level of stress measured by the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), and the participants’ emotional experience in relation to nature, measured by the Perceived Restorativeness Scale (PRS). The intervention group improved significantly in the physical and psychological WHOQOL-BREF domains and in PSS at both follow-ups. The participants’ interest in using nature for restoration increased significantly as well. The only detectable difference between the control group and the intervention group was in the WHOQOL-BREF physical domain at the 6-month follow-up. For further studies, we recommend testing the effect of the Wildman Programme in an RCT study.

Suggested Citation

  • Simon Høegmark & Tonny Elmose Andersen & Patrik Grahn & Anna Mejldal & Kirsten K. Roessler, 2021. "The Wildman Programme—Rehabilitation and Reconnection with Nature for Men with Mental or Physical Health Problems—A Matched-Control Study," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(21), pages 1-20, October.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:18:y:2021:i:21:p:11465-:d:669291
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Muhammad Abdul Aziz & Zahid Ullah & Andrea Pieroni, 2020. "Wild Food Plant Gathering among Kalasha, Yidgha, Nuristani and Khowar Speakers in Chitral, NW Pakistan," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(21), pages 1-23, November.
    2. Andrew Howell & Holli-Anne Passmore & Karen Buro, 2013. "Meaning in Nature: Meaning in Life as a Mediator of the Relationship Between Nature Connectedness and Well-Being," Journal of Happiness Studies, Springer, vol. 14(6), pages 1681-1696, December.
    3. The Whoqol Group, 1998. "The World Health Organization quality of life assessment (WHOQOL): Development and general psychometric properties," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 46(12), pages 1569-1585, June.
    4. Simon Høegmark & Tonny Elmose Andersen & Patrik Grahn & Kirsten Kaya Roessler, 2020. "The Wildman Programme. A Nature-Based Rehabilitation Programme Enhancing Quality of Life for Men on Long-Term Sick Leave: Study Protocol for a Matched Controlled Study In Denmark," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(10), pages 1-17, May.
    5. Jules Pretty & Jo Barton, 2020. "Nature-Based Interventions and Mind–Body Interventions: Saving Public Health Costs Whilst Increasing Life Satisfaction and Happiness," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(21), pages 1-23, October.
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    Cited by:

    1. Mikkel Hjort & Martin Mau & Michaela Høj & Kirsten K. Roessler, 2023. "The Importance of the Outdoor Environment for the Recovery of Psychiatric Patients: A Scoping Review," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(3), pages 1-12, January.
    2. Martin Mau & Maria L. Vang & Anna Mejldal & Simon Høegmark & Kirsten K. Roessler, 2022. "Can Rehabilitation in Nature Improve Self-Perceived Interpersonal Problems? A Matched-Control Study," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(6), pages 1-12, March.
    3. Dahlia Stott & DeAndra Forde & Chetan Sharma & Jonathan M. Deutsch & Michael Bruneau & Jennifer A. Nasser & Mara Z. Vitolins & Brandy-Joe Milliron, 2024. "Interactions with Nature, Good for the Mind and Body: A Narrative Review," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 21(3), pages 1-26, March.

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