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Tuberculosis and Silicosis Burden in Artisanal and Small-Scale Gold Miners in a Large Occupational Health Outreach Programme in Zimbabwe

Author

Listed:
  • Dingani Moyo

    (Baines Occupational Health Services, Harare 024, Zimbabwe
    Occupational Health Division, School of Public Health, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2193, South Africa
    Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Midlands State University, Gweru 054, Zimbabwe
    Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, National University of Science and Technology, Bulawayo 029, Zimbabwe)

  • Christopher Zishiri

    (The Union Zimbabwe Trust, Harare 024, Zimbabwe)

  • Ronald Ncube

    (The Union Zimbabwe Trust, Harare 024, Zimbabwe)

  • Godknows Madziva

    (Baines Occupational Health Services, Harare 024, Zimbabwe)

  • Charles Sandy

    (Ministry of Health and Child Care, Harare 024, Zimbabwe)

  • Reginald Mhene

    (Ministry of Health and Child Care, Harare 024, Zimbabwe)

  • Nicholas Siziba

    (Ministry of Health and Child Care, Harare 024, Zimbabwe)

  • Fungai Kavenga

    (Ministry of Health and Child Care, Harare 024, Zimbabwe)

  • Florence Moyo

    (Baines Occupational Health Services, Harare 024, Zimbabwe)

  • Orippa Muzvidziwa

    (Baines Occupational Health Services, Harare 024, Zimbabwe)

  • Petronella Ncube

    (Baines Occupational Health Services, Harare 024, Zimbabwe)

  • Blessings Chigaraza

    (Baines Occupational Health Services, Harare 024, Zimbabwe)

  • Andrew Nyambo

    (Ministry of Health and Child Care, Harare 024, Zimbabwe)

  • Collins Timire

    (Ministry of Health and Child Care, Harare 024, Zimbabwe)

Abstract

Artisanal and small-scale miners (ASMs) labour under archaic working conditions and are exposed to high levels of silica dust. Exposure to silica dust has been associated with an increased risk of tuberculosis and silicosis. ASMs are highly mobile and operate in remote areas with near absent access to health services. The main purpose of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of tuberculosis, silicosis and silico-tuberculosis among ASMs in Zimbabwe. A cross-sectional study was conducted from 1 October to 31 January 2021 on a convenient sample of 514 self-selected ASMs. We report the results from among those ASMs who attended an outreach medical facility and an occupational health clinic. Data were collected from clinical records using a precoded data proforma. Data variables included demographic (age, sex), clinical details (HIV status, GeneXpert results, outcomes of chest radiographs, history of tuberculosis) and perceived exposure to mine dust. Of the 464 miners screened for silicosis, 52 (11.2%) were diagnosed with silicosis, while 17 (4.0%) of 422 ASMs were diagnosed with tuberculosis (TB). Of the 373 ASMs tested for HIV, 90 (23.5%) were sero-positive. An HIV infection was associated with a diagnosis of silicosis. There is need for a comprehensive occupational health service package, including TB and silicosis surveillance, for ASMs in Zimbabwe. These are preliminary and limited findings, needing confirmation by more comprehensive studies.

Suggested Citation

  • Dingani Moyo & Christopher Zishiri & Ronald Ncube & Godknows Madziva & Charles Sandy & Reginald Mhene & Nicholas Siziba & Fungai Kavenga & Florence Moyo & Orippa Muzvidziwa & Petronella Ncube & Blessi, 2021. "Tuberculosis and Silicosis Burden in Artisanal and Small-Scale Gold Miners in a Large Occupational Health Outreach Programme in Zimbabwe," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(21), pages 1-11, October.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:18:y:2021:i:21:p:11031-:d:660796
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Hermínio Cossa & Rahel Scheidegger & Andrea Leuenberger & Priska Ammann & Khátia Munguambe & Jürg Utzinger & Eusébio Macete & Mirko S. Winkler, 2021. "Health Studies in the Context of Artisanal and Small-Scale Mining: A Scoping Review," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(4), pages 1-24, February.
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    Cited by:

    1. Dingani Moyo & Fungai Kavenga & Ronald Thulani Ncube & Florence Moyo & Nathan Chiboyiwa & Andrew Nyambo & Godknows Madziva & Mpokiseng Ncube & Orippa Muzvidziwa & Tafadzwa Mperi & Blessings Chigaraza , 2024. "Treatment Outcomes of Tuberculosis Among Artisanal and Small-Scale Miners in Zimbabwe: A Follow-Up Observational Study Using Secondary Data," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 21(10), pages 1-10, September.
    2. Dingani Moyo & Ronald Ncube & Fungai Kavenga & Lilian Chikwava & Tawanda Mapuranga & Nathan Chiboyiwa & Chipo Chimunhu & Frank Mudzingwa & Orippa Muzvidziwa & Petronella Ncube & Tariro Christwish Mand, 2022. "The Triple Burden of Tuberculosis, Human Immunodeficiency Virus and Silicosis among Artisanal and Small-Scale Miners in Zimbabwe," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(21), pages 1-14, October.

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