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Association between Weight Loss and Food Form in Older Individuals Residing in Long-Term Care Facilities: 1-Year Multicenter Longitudinal Study

Author

Listed:
  • Akemi Endo

    (Gerodontology, Department of Oral Health Science, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido 060-8586, Japan)

  • Yutaka Watanabe

    (Gerodontology, Department of Oral Health Science, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido 060-8586, Japan)

  • Takae Matsushita

    (Gerodontology, Department of Oral Health Science, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido 060-8586, Japan)

  • Kazutaka Okada

    (Gerodontology, Department of Oral Health Science, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido 060-8586, Japan)

  • Yuki Ohara

    (Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo 173-0015, Japan)

  • Masanori Iwasaki

    (Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo 173-0015, Japan)

  • Kayoko Ito

    (Oral Rehabilitation, Niigata University Medical and Dental Hospital, Niigata 951-8520, Japan)

  • Junko Nakajima

    (Department of Oral Medicine and Hospital Dentistry, Tokyo Dental College, Chiba 272-8513, Japan)

  • Yasuyuki Iwasa

    (Department of Dentistry, Haradoi Hospital, Fukuoka 813-8588, Japan)

  • Masataka Itoda

    (Department of Oral Rehabilitation, Osaka Dental University Hospital, Osaka 573-1144, Japan)

  • Rikimaru Sasaki

    (Rehabilitation Clinic for Speech and Swallowing Disorders, The Nippon Dental University Hospital, Tokyo 102-8158, Japan)

  • Yasuhiro Nishi

    (Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Prosthodontics, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan)

  • Junichi Furuya

    (Department of Geriatric Dentistry, Showa University School of Dentistry, Tokyo 145-8515, Japan)

  • Yoshihiko Watanabe

    (Department of Healthcare Management, Tohoku Fukushi University, Miyagi 981-8522, Japan)

  • George Umemoto

    (Swallowing Disorders Center, Fukuoka University Hospital, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan)

  • Masako Kishima

    (Wakakusa-Tatsuma Rehabilitation Hospital, Osaka 574-0012, Japan)

  • Hirohiko Hirano

    (Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo 173-0015, Japan)

  • Yuji Sato

    (Department of Geriatric Dentistry, Showa University School of Dentistry, Tokyo 145-8515, Japan)

  • Mitsuyoshi Yoshida

    (Department of Advanced Prosthodontics, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan)

  • Yutaka Yamazaki

    (Gerodontology, Department of Oral Health Science, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido 060-8586, Japan)

Abstract

Changing the food form for older adults requiring nursing care from a regular to dysphagia diet is thought to impact their nutritional status. We assessed the association between changes in food form and weight loss over 1 year in older adults. Older adults residing in long-term care facilities in Japan ( n = 455) who participated in the baseline (2018) and follow-up (2019) surveys were divided into two groups (regular diet, n = 284; dysphagia diet, n = 171). The regular diet group was further divided into the weight loss ( n = 80; weight loss ≥5% over 1 year) and weight maintenance ( n = 204; weight loss <5%) groups. After 1 year, the Barthel Index significantly decreased, and the proportion of participants who switched from a regular diet to a dysphagia diet significantly increased in the weight loss group than in the weight maintenance group. Multivariate logistic regression analysis found that Barthel index variation (odds ratio (OR): 0.97, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.94‒0.99), change from a regular diet to a dysphagia diet (OR: 4.41, 95% CI: 1.87‒10.41), and body weight at baseline (OR = 1.06, 95% CI: 1.01‒1.11) were significantly associated with weight loss. Our results suggest that maintaining the food form inhibits weight loss and improves health outcomes in older adults.

Suggested Citation

  • Akemi Endo & Yutaka Watanabe & Takae Matsushita & Kazutaka Okada & Yuki Ohara & Masanori Iwasaki & Kayoko Ito & Junko Nakajima & Yasuyuki Iwasa & Masataka Itoda & Rikimaru Sasaki & Yasuhiro Nishi & Ju, 2021. "Association between Weight Loss and Food Form in Older Individuals Residing in Long-Term Care Facilities: 1-Year Multicenter Longitudinal Study," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(20), pages 1-10, October.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:18:y:2021:i:20:p:10776-:d:656067
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Fabrizio Chiesi & Maddalena Grazzini & Maddalena Innocenti & Barbara Giammarco & Enrico Simoncini & Giuseppe Garamella & Patrizio Zanobini & Caterina Perra & Lorenzo Baggiani & Chiara Lorini & Gugliel, 2019. "Older People Living in Nursing Homes: An Oral Health Screening Survey in Florence, Italy," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(18), pages 1-11, September.
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    Cited by:

    1. Maaya Takeda & Yutaka Watanabe & Takae Matsushita & Kenshu Taira & Kazuhito Miura & Yuki Ohara & Masanori Iwasaki & Kayoko Ito & Junko Nakajima & Yasuyuki Iwasa & Masataka Itoda & Yasuhiro Nishi & Jun, 2022. "Observational Variables for Considering a Switch from a Normal to a Dysphagia Diet among Older Adults Requiring Long-Term Care: A One-Year Multicenter Longitudinal Study," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(11), pages 1-13, May.

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