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Recent Biomarkers for Monitoring the Systemic Fluoride Levels in Exposed Populations: A Systematic Review

Author

Listed:
  • Jesús Lavalle-Carrasco

    (Dental Sciences, Health Care Department, Autonomous Metropolitan University Xochimilco (UAM), Mexico City 04960, Mexico)

  • Nelly Molina-Frechero

    (Health Care Department, Autonomous Metropolitan University Xochimilco (UAM), Mexico City 04960, Mexico)

  • Martina Nevárez-Rascón

    (Faculty of Dentistry, Autonomous University of Chihuahua (UACH), Chihuahua 31000, Mexico)

  • Leonor Sánchez-Pérez

    (Health Care Department, Autonomous Metropolitan University Xochimilco (UAM), Mexico City 04960, Mexico)

  • Aida Hamdan-Partida

    (Health Care Department, Autonomous Metropolitan University Xochimilco (UAM), Mexico City 04960, Mexico)

  • Rogelio González-González

    (Department of Research, School of Dentistry, Juarez University of the Durango State (UJED), Durango 34000, Mexico)

  • Diana Cassi

    (Department of Surgical, Medical, Dental and Morphological Science, University of Modena, 41121 Modena, Italy)

  • Mario Alberto Isiordia-Espinoza

    (Institute of Research in Medical Sciences, Department of Clinics, Los Altos University Center, University of Guadalajara (UdG), Tepatitlán de Morelos, Jalisco 47650, Mexico)

  • Ronell Bologna-Molina

    (Department of Research, School of Dentistry, Juarez University of the Durango State (UJED), Durango 34000, Mexico
    Molecular Pathology Area, School of Dentistry, University of the Republic (UDELAR), Montevideo 11200, Uruguay)

Abstract

Fluorides are compounds that can be found in the minerals of soil with volcanic rocks. Different populations are exposed to high levels of fluorides through drinking water that, due to their chronic intake, cause several types of damage to health. Nails and hair, denominated as recent biomarkers, have been employed for monitoring systemic fluoride from long-term exposure to fluorides. The aim of this study was to perform a systematic review of the use of recent biomarkers for monitoring systemic fluoride levels in exposed populations and verify their validity in the measurement of the fluorine (F − ) concentration within the body. A digital search was performed in the databases PubMed/Medline, Springer Link, Cochrane, and Scopus of original articles that employed recent biomarkers for monitoring systemic F − . Seventeen articles were included in this analysis; the recorded variables were the F − amount in each assessed biomarker, source of exposure, and total daily fluoride intake (TDFI). TDFI was associated with F − in nails and hair, as well as the exposure through drinking water. In conclusion, recent biomarkers are adequate for monitoring the systemic fluoride levels by evaluating the chronic/subchronic exposure through different sources, mainly drinking water, considering nails better than hair for this purpose.

Suggested Citation

  • Jesús Lavalle-Carrasco & Nelly Molina-Frechero & Martina Nevárez-Rascón & Leonor Sánchez-Pérez & Aida Hamdan-Partida & Rogelio González-González & Diana Cassi & Mario Alberto Isiordia-Espinoza & Ronel, 2021. "Recent Biomarkers for Monitoring the Systemic Fluoride Levels in Exposed Populations: A Systematic Review," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(1), pages 1-14, January.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:18:y:2021:i:1:p:317-:d:474485
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Declan T. Waugh & William Potter & Hardy Limeback & Michael Godfrey, 2016. "Risk Assessment of Fluoride Intake from Tea in the Republic of Ireland and its Implications for Public Health and Water Fluoridation," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 13(3), pages 1-22, February.
    2. Mahmood Yousefi & Farzaneh Baghal Asghari & Pietro Zuccarello & Gea Oliveri Conti & Aida Ejlali & Ali Akbar Mohammadi & Margherita Ferrante, 2019. "Spatial Distribution Variation and Probabilistic Risk Assessment of Exposure to Fluoride in Ground Water Supplies: A Case Study in an Endemic Fluorosis Region of Northwest Iran," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(4), pages 1-12, February.
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    Cited by:

    1. Min Yang & Aning Zhao & Hailing Ke & Huaqing Chen, 2023. "Geo-Environmental Factors’ Influence on the Prevalence and Distribution of Dental Fluorosis: Evidence from Dali County, Northwest China," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(3), pages 1-17, January.

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