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Limonene Emissions: Do Different Types Have Different Biological Effects?

Author

Listed:
  • Neda Nematollahi

    (Department of Infrastructure Engineering, Melbourne School of Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
    These authors contributed equally as co-lead author.)

  • Perran A. Ross

    (School of BioSciences and Bio21 Institute, Faculty of Science, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
    These authors contributed equally as co-lead author.)

  • Ary A. Hoffmann

    (School of BioSciences and Bio21 Institute, Faculty of Science, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia)

  • Spas D. Kolev

    (School of Chemistry, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia)

  • Anne Steinemann

    (Department of Infrastructure Engineering, Melbourne School of Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
    College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4814, Australia)

Abstract

Limonene is one of the most abundant pollutants indoors, and it contributes to the formation of additional pollutants, such as formaldehyde and photochemical smog. Limonene is commonly used in fragranced consumer products, such as cleaning supplies and air fresheners, which have also been associated with health problems. Limonene can exist in different enantiomeric forms (R-limonene and S-limonene) and be derived from different sources. However, little is known about whether different forms and sources of limonene may have different effects. This research explored whether different types of limonene, at the same concentrations, could elicit different biological effects. To investigate this question, the study employed Aedes aegypti mosquitoes, which have sophisticated olfactory abilities, in olfactometer tests of repellency/attraction. The results indicate that a synthetic source of R-limonene is more repellent than a natural source of R-limonene. In addition, synthetic sources of both R-limonene and S-limonene are not significantly different in repellency. These findings can contribute to our understanding and further exploration of the effects of a common fragrance compound on air quality and health.

Suggested Citation

  • Neda Nematollahi & Perran A. Ross & Ary A. Hoffmann & Spas D. Kolev & Anne Steinemann, 2021. "Limonene Emissions: Do Different Types Have Different Biological Effects?," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(19), pages 1-6, October.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:18:y:2021:i:19:p:10505-:d:651004
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Lexuan Zhong & Feng-Chiao Su & Stuart Batterman, 2017. "Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) in Conventional and High Performance School Buildings in the U.S," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 14(1), pages 1-18, January.
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