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Pneumonia Risk Associated with the Use of Individual Benzodiazepines and Benzodiazepine Related Drugs among the Elderly with Parkinson’s Disease

Author

Listed:
  • Kuang-Hua Huang

    (Department of Health Services Administration, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
    These authors contributed equally to this work.)

  • Chih-Jaan Tai

    (School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
    Department of Otorhinolaryngology, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
    These authors contributed equally to this work.)

  • Yu-Hsiang Kuan

    (Department of Pharmacology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan
    Department of Pharmacy, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40201, Taiwan)

  • Yu-Chia Chang

    (Department of Long Term Care, National Quemoy University, Kinmen 892009, Taiwan
    Department of Healthcare Administration, Asia University, Taichung 41354, Taiwan
    Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40402, Taiwan)

  • Tung-Han Tsai

    (Department of Health Services Administration, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan)

  • Chien-Ying Lee

    (Department of Pharmacology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan
    Department of Pharmacy, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40201, Taiwan)

Abstract

Most patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD) gradually develop oropharyngeal dysphagia which is often associated with pneumonia risk. The possible association of benzodiazepine (BZD) and benzodiazepine related drugs (BZRD) use with pneumonia risk has received increasing attention but remains controversial. We investigated pneumonia risk associated with the use of BZDs and BZRDs in older adult patients with PD. This case-control study analyzed data of 551,975 older adult patients with PD between 2001 and 2018 in Taiwan. To minimize potential confounding, we used 1:4 propensity score matching to include older adult patients without pneumonia as controls. Incident pneumonia risk was significantly higher in current (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 1.25, 95% CI = 1.23–1.27) and past (aOR = 1.13, 95% CI = 1.11–1.15) users of BZDs. Regarding BZRDs, recent (aOR = 1.08, 95% CI = 1.06–1.11) and past (aOR = 0.89, 95% CI = 0.88–0.91) users had higher and lower risks of incident pneumonia, respectively. Pneumonia risk varied based on their use of BZDs and BZRDs. In these individuals, incident pneumonia risk was high in users of BZDs, such as midazolam, lorazepam, flunitrazepam, estazolam, and clonazepam. Regarding the use of BZRDs, zopiclone increased incident pneumonia risk.

Suggested Citation

  • Kuang-Hua Huang & Chih-Jaan Tai & Yu-Hsiang Kuan & Yu-Chia Chang & Tung-Han Tsai & Chien-Ying Lee, 2021. "Pneumonia Risk Associated with the Use of Individual Benzodiazepines and Benzodiazepine Related Drugs among the Elderly with Parkinson’s Disease," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(17), pages 1-13, September.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:18:y:2021:i:17:p:9410-:d:630123
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Meng-Ting Wang & Yun-Han Wang & Hsin-An Chang & Chen-Liang Tsai & Ya-Sung Yang & Chen Wei Lin & Cheng-Chin Kuo & Yu-Juei Hsu, 2017. "Benzodiazepine and Z-drug use and risk of pneumonia in patients with chronic kidney disease: A population-based nested case-control study," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 12(7), pages 1-16, July.
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