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The German Translation of the Stress and Anxiety to Viral Epidemics-9 (SAVE-9) Scale: Results from Healthcare Workers during the Second Wave of COVID-19

Author

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  • Julia König

    (Department of Clinical and Biological Psychology, Catholic University of Eichstaett-Ingolstadt, Ostenstraße 25, 85072 Eichstaett, Germany)

  • Seockhoon Chung

    (Department of Psychiatry, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88 Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul 05505, Korea)

  • Verena Ertl

    (Department of Clinical and Biological Psychology, Catholic University of Eichstaett-Ingolstadt, Ostenstraße 25, 85072 Eichstaett, Germany)

  • Bettina K. Doering

    (Department of Clinical and Biological Psychology, Catholic University of Eichstaett-Ingolstadt, Ostenstraße 25, 85072 Eichstaett, Germany)

  • Hannah Comtesse

    (Department of Clinical and Biological Psychology, Catholic University of Eichstaett-Ingolstadt, Ostenstraße 25, 85072 Eichstaett, Germany)

  • Johanna Unterhitzenberger

    (Department of Clinical and Biological Psychology, Catholic University of Eichstaett-Ingolstadt, Ostenstraße 25, 85072 Eichstaett, Germany)

  • Antonia Barke

    (Department of Clinical and Biological Psychology, Catholic University of Eichstaett-Ingolstadt, Ostenstraße 25, 85072 Eichstaett, Germany)

Abstract

Healthcare workers (HCW) are among those most directly affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. Most research with this group has used ad hoc measures, which limits comparability across samples. The Stress and Anxiety to Viral Epidemics-9 scale (SAVE-9) is a nine-item scale first developed in Korea, and has since been translated into several languages. We report on data collected from 484 German HCW between November 2020 and March 2021, during the “second wave” of coronavirus infections. We conducted item analysis, confirmatory factor analysis on the previously found factor solutions of the SAVE-9, examined correlations with established measures of depression, generalized anxiety, and insomnia, and compared scores between different groups of HCW. The psychometric properties of the German SAVE-9 were satisfactory and comparable to previous findings from Korea and Russia. Correlations with mental health measures were positive, as expected. We found some significant differences between groups of HCW on the SAVE-9 which were consistent with the literature but did not appear on the other mental health measures. This suggests that the SAVE-9 taps into specifically work-related stress, which may make it a helpful instrument in this research area.

Suggested Citation

  • Julia König & Seockhoon Chung & Verena Ertl & Bettina K. Doering & Hannah Comtesse & Johanna Unterhitzenberger & Antonia Barke, 2021. "The German Translation of the Stress and Anxiety to Viral Epidemics-9 (SAVE-9) Scale: Results from Healthcare Workers during the Second Wave of COVID-19," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(17), pages 1-12, September.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:18:y:2021:i:17:p:9377-:d:629573
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Johannes Korth & Benjamin Wilde & Sebastian Dolff & Jasmin Frisch & Michael Jahn & Adalbert Krawczyk & Mirko Trilling & Leonie Schipper & Sebastian Cordes & Birgit Ross & Monika Lindemann & Andreas Kr, 2021. "SARS-CoV-2 Seroprevalence in Healthcare Workers in Germany: A Follow-Up Study," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(9), pages 1-10, April.
    2. Caterina Schug & Eva Morawa & Franziska Geiser & Nina Hiebel & Petra Beschoner & Lucia Jerg-Bretzke & Christian Albus & Kerstin Weidner & Susann Steudte-Schmiedgen & Andrea Borho & Marietta Lieb & Yes, 2021. "Social Support and Optimism as Protective Factors for Mental Health among 7765 Healthcare Workers in Germany during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Results of the VOICE Study," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(7), pages 1-18, April.
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    Cited by:

    1. Fatin Syafiqah Wasimin & Sean Chern Choong Thum & Mathias Wen Leh Tseu & Assis Kamu & Chong Mun Ho & Nicholas Tze Ping Pang & Seockhoon Chung & Walton Wider, 2022. "Adaptation and Validation of the Malay Version of the SAVE-9 Viral Epidemic Anxiety Scale for Healthcare Workers," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(17), pages 1-10, August.
    2. Jiyoung Oh & Heykyung Park, 2022. "Effects of Changes in Environmental Color Chroma on Heart Rate Variability and Stress by Gender," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(9), pages 1-20, May.

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