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Fate of Benzophenone, Benzophenone-3 and Caffeine in Lab-Scale Direct River Water Treatment by Hybrid Processes

Author

Listed:
  • Minja Bogunović

    (Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Biochemistry and Environmental Protection, University of Novi Sad, Trg. Dositeja Obradovića 3, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia)

  • Tijana Marjanović

    (Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Biochemistry and Environmental Protection, University of Novi Sad, Trg. Dositeja Obradovića 3, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia)

  • Ivana Ivančev-Tumbas

    (Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Biochemistry and Environmental Protection, University of Novi Sad, Trg. Dositeja Obradovića 3, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia)

Abstract

Emerging microcontaminants benzophenone (BP), benzophenone-3 (BP-3) and caffeine (CF) are widely used anthropogenic markers from a group of pharmaceuticals and personal care products. They have different logD values and charges at neutral pH (2.96 neutral for BP; 3.65 negative and neutral for BP-3; 0.28 and neutral for CF). The goal of this study was to assess the efficacy of coagulation/flocculation/sedimentation (C/F/S), adsorption onto two types of powdered activated carbon (PAC)/sedimentation (PAC/S) and the combination of these two processes in different dosing sequences (PAC/C/F/S) and with/without ultrafiltration (powdered activated carbon/ultrafiltration—PAC/UF, coagulation/UF—CoA/UF) for the removal of selected micropollutants from river water. It was shown that the removal efficiency of benzophenones by coagulation depends on the season, while CF was moderately removed (40–70%). The removal of neutral BP by two PACs unexpectedly differed (near 40% and ˃93%), while the removal of BP-3 was excellent (>95%). PACs were not efficient for the removal of hydrophilic CF. Combined PAC/C/F/S yielded excellent removal for BP and BP-3 regardless of PAC type only when the PAC addition was followed by C/F/S, while C/F/S efficiency for CF diminished. The combination of UF with PAC or coagulant showed also high efficacy for benzophenones, but was negligible for CF removal.

Suggested Citation

  • Minja Bogunović & Tijana Marjanović & Ivana Ivančev-Tumbas, 2021. "Fate of Benzophenone, Benzophenone-3 and Caffeine in Lab-Scale Direct River Water Treatment by Hybrid Processes," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(16), pages 1-17, August.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:18:y:2021:i:16:p:8691-:d:616073
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