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Life Course Neighborhood Deprivation Effects on Body Mass Index: Quantifying the Importance of Selective Migration

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  • Emily T Murray

    (Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London WC1B 7HB, UK)

  • Owen Nicholas

    (Department of Statistical Science, University College London, London WC1B 7HB, UK)

  • Paul Norman

    (School of Geography, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK)

  • Stephen Jivraj

    (Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London WC1B 7HB, UK)

Abstract

Neighborhood effects research is plagued by the inability to circumvent selection effects —the process of people sorting into neighborhoods. Data from two British Birth Cohorts, 1958 (ages 16, 23, 33, 42, 55) and 1970 (ages 16, 24, 34, 42), and structural equation modelling, were used to investigate life course relationships between body mass index (BMI) and area deprivation (addresses at each age linked to the closest census 1971–2011 Townsend score [TOWN], re-calculated to reflect consistent 2011 lower super output area boundaries). Initially, models were examined for: (1) area deprivation only, (2) health selection only and (3) both. In the best-fitting model, all relationships were then tested for effect modification by residential mobility by inclusion of interaction terms. For both cohorts, both BMI and area deprivation strongly tracked across the life course. Health selection, or higher BMI associated with higher area deprivation at the next study wave, was apparent at three intervals: 1958 cohort, BMI at age 23 y and TOWN at age 33 y and BMI at age 33 y and TOWN at age 42 y; 1970 cohort, BMI at age 34 y and TOWN at age 42 y, while paths between area deprivation and BMI at the next interval were seen in both cohorts, over all intervals, except for the association between TOWN at age 23 y and BMI at age 33 y in the 1958 cohort. None of the associations varied by moving status. In conclusion, for BMI, selective migration does not appear to account for associations between area deprivation and BMI across the life course.

Suggested Citation

  • Emily T Murray & Owen Nicholas & Paul Norman & Stephen Jivraj, 2021. "Life Course Neighborhood Deprivation Effects on Body Mass Index: Quantifying the Importance of Selective Migration," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(16), pages 1-12, August.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:18:y:2021:i:16:p:8339-:d:609816
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Norman, Paul & Boyle, Paul & Rees, Philip, 2005. "Selective migration, health and deprivation: a longitudinal analysis," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 60(12), pages 2755-2771, June.
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    3. Boyle, Paul & Norman, Paul & Rees, Philip, 2004. "Changing places. Do changes in the relative deprivation of areas influence limiting long-term illness and mortality among non-migrant people living in non-deprived households?," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 58(12), pages 2459-2471, June.
    4. Dale Dannefer, 2003. "Cumulative Advantage/Disadvantage and the Life Course: Cross-Fertilizing Age and Social Science Theory," The Journals of Gerontology: Series B, The Gerontological Society of America, vol. 58(6), pages 327-337.
    5. Arcaya, Mariana C. & Tucker-Seeley, Reginald D. & Kim, Rockli & Schnake-Mahl, Alina & So, Marvin & Subramanian, S.V., 2016. "Research on neighborhood effects on health in the United States: A systematic review of study characteristics," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 168(C), pages 16-29.
    6. Peter James & Jaime E. Hart & Mariana C. Arcaya & Diane Feskanich & Francine Laden & S.V. Subramanian, 2015. "Neighborhood Self-Selection: The Role of Pre-Move Health Factors on the Built and Socioeconomic Environment," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 12(10), pages 1-16, October.
    7. Helena Tunstall & Niamh K Shortt & Jamie R Pearce & Richard J Mitchell, 2015. "Difficult Life Events, Selective Migration and Spatial Inequalities in Mental Health in the UK," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 10(5), pages 1-13, May.
    8. Tunstall, Helena & Mitchell, Richard & Pearce, Jamie & Shortt, Niamh, 2014. "The general and mental health of movers to more- and less-disadvantaged socio-economic and physical environments within the UK," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 118(C), pages 97-107.
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    Cited by:

    1. Stephen Jivraj & Owen Nicholas & Emily T. Murray & Paul Norman, 2021. "Life Course Neighbourhood Deprivation and Self-Rated Health: Does It Matter Where You Lived in Adolescence and Do Neighbourhood Effects Build Up over Life?," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(19), pages 1-13, September.
    2. Sarah A. Keller & Sarah Lim & William R. Buckingham & Amy J. H. Kind, 2023. "Life Course Assessment of Area-Based Social Disadvantage: A Systematic Review," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(21), pages 1-10, October.

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