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Buffering against Depressive Symptoms: Associations between Self-Compassion, Perceived Family Support and Age for Transgender and Nonbinary Individuals

Author

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  • Steven Samrock

    (Counseling and Counseling Psychology, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA)

  • Kai Kline

    (Counseling and Counseling Psychology, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA)

  • Ashley K. Randall

    (Counseling and Counseling Psychology, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA)

Abstract

Transgender and gender nonbinary (TGNB) individuals often report higher levels of depression compared to cisgender individuals. Higher levels of depression in TGNB populations may be partially attributed to a lack of family support, which may be particularly salient for younger individuals. However, two possible protective factors that may mitigate depressive symptoms are self-compassion, defined as an attitude of kindness and understanding towards one’s own imperfections, and perceived support, especially from family. The present study aimed to explore whether self-compassion was negatively associated with self-reported depressive symptoms, and whether perceived family support moderated this association, especially for younger individuals. Participants who were (1) at least 18 years of age, (2) identified as TGNB, and (3) experienced gender dysphoria were eligible for this study. Cross-sectional data from 148 individuals were collected online during May 2020. In support of the hypotheses, self-compassion was negatively associated with depressive symptoms, and perceived family support furthered this association. Additionally, results showed that younger participants (ages 18–24) with lower family support reported the highest levels of depressive symptoms. Taken together, these results suggest that self-compassion and perceived family support may be significant protective factors against depressive symptoms for TGNB individuals, although longitudinal research is needed. Taking a strengths-based perspective, mental health clinicians working with TGNB individuals may consider interventions geared toward increasing self-compassion in daily life and working with clients’ families to increase support.

Suggested Citation

  • Steven Samrock & Kai Kline & Ashley K. Randall, 2021. "Buffering against Depressive Symptoms: Associations between Self-Compassion, Perceived Family Support and Age for Transgender and Nonbinary Individuals," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(15), pages 1-12, July.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:18:y:2021:i:15:p:7938-:d:602633
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Dunlop, D.D. & Song, J. & Lyons, J.S. & Manheim, L.M. & Chang, R.W., 2003. "Racial/Ethnic Differences in Rates of Depression among Preretirement Adults," American Journal of Public Health, American Public Health Association, vol. 93(11), pages 1945-1952.
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    Cited by:

    1. Antonia Voll & Leonardo Jost & Petra Jansen, 2023. "Heartfulness in Vegans, Vegetarians, and Omnivores," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(6), pages 1-13, March.

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