IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jijerp/v18y2021i14p7645-d596610.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Incidence and Outcomes of Pulmonary Embolism among Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients

Author

Listed:
  • Omaima Ibrahim Badr

    (Department of Chest Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
    Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Al Noor Specialist Hospital, Mecca 20424, Saudi Arabia)

  • Hassan Alwafi

    (Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al Qura University, Mecca 21514, Saudi Arabia)

  • Wael Aly Elrefaey

    (Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Al Noor Specialist Hospital, Mecca 20424, Saudi Arabia)

  • Abdallah Y. Naser

    (Department of Applied Pharmaceutical Sciences and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Isra University, Amman 11622, Jordan)

  • Mohammed Shabrawishi

    (Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Al Noor Specialist Hospital, Mecca 20424, Saudi Arabia
    Department of Internal Medicine, Al Noor Specialist Hospital, Mecca 20424, Saudi Arabia)

  • Zahra Alsairafi

    (Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kuwait University, Kuwait City 12037, Kuwait)

  • Fatemah M. Alsaleh

    (Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kuwait University, Kuwait City 12037, Kuwait)

Abstract

Objectives: Patients with COVID-19 may be at high risk for thrombotic complications due to excess inflammatory response and stasis of blood flow. This study aims to assess the incidence of pulmonary embolism among hospitalized patients with COVID-19, risk factors, and the impact on survival. Methods: A retrospective case-control study was conducted at Al-Noor Specialist Hospital in Saudi Arabia between 15 March 2020 and 15 June 2020. Patients with confirmed COVID-19 diagnosis by a real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and confirmed diagnosis of pulmonary embolism by Computed Tomography pulmonary angiogram (CTPA) formed the case group. Patients with confirmed COVID-19 diagnosis by a real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and without confirmed diagnose of pulmonary embolism formed the control group. Logistic regression analysis was used to identify predictors of pulmonary embolism and survival. Results: A total of 159 patients participated were included in the study, of which 51 were the cases (patients with pulmonary embolism) and 108 patients formed the control group (patients without pulmonary embolism). The incidence of PE among those hospitalized was around 32%. Smoking history, low level of oxygen saturation, and higher D-dimer values were important risk factors that were associated with a higher risk of developing PE ( p < 0.05). Higher respiratory rate was associated with higher odds of death, and decreased the possibility of survival among hospitalized patients with PE. Conclusions: Pulmonary embolism is common among hospitalized patients with COVID-19. Preventive measures should be considered for hospitalized patients with smoking history, low level of oxygen saturation, high D-dimer values, and high respiratory rate.

Suggested Citation

  • Omaima Ibrahim Badr & Hassan Alwafi & Wael Aly Elrefaey & Abdallah Y. Naser & Mohammed Shabrawishi & Zahra Alsairafi & Fatemah M. Alsaleh, 2021. "Incidence and Outcomes of Pulmonary Embolism among Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(14), pages 1-10, July.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:18:y:2021:i:14:p:7645-:d:596610
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/18/14/7645/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/18/14/7645/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Amal Khalil AbuAlhommos & Fatimah Essa Alhadab & May Mohammed Almajhad & Rahmah Almutawaa & Sara Taleb Alabdulkareem, 2021. "Community Knowledge of and Attitudes towards COVID-19 Prevention Techniques in Saudi Arabia: A Cross-Sectional Study," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(23), pages 1-20, December.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:18:y:2021:i:14:p:7645-:d:596610. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    We have no bibliographic references for this item. You can help adding them by using this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.