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Maternal Anxiety, Infant Stress, and the Role of Live-Performed Music Therapy during NICU Stay in The Netherlands

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  • Karianne E. Kraft

    (Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Beatrix Children’s Hospital, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713GZ Groningen, The Netherlands)

  • Artur C. Jaschke

    (Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Beatrix Children’s Hospital, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
    Department of Music Therapy, ArtEZ University of the Arts, Hulsmaatstraat 35, 7523WB Enschede, The Netherlands)

  • Anne-Greet Ravensbergen

    (Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Beatrix Children’s Hospital, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
    Department of Music Therapy, ArtEZ University of the Arts, Hulsmaatstraat 35, 7523WB Enschede, The Netherlands)

  • Annet Feenstra-Weelink

    (Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Beatrix Children’s Hospital, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713GZ Groningen, The Netherlands)

  • Maud E. L. van Goor

    (Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Beatrix Children’s Hospital, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713GZ Groningen, The Netherlands)

  • Marlou L. A. de Kroon

    (Department of Health Sciences, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713GZ Groningen, The Netherlands)

  • Sijmen A. Reijneveld

    (Department of Health Sciences, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713GZ Groningen, The Netherlands)

  • Arend F. Bos

    (Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Beatrix Children’s Hospital, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713GZ Groningen, The Netherlands)

  • Nienke H. van Dokkum

    (Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Beatrix Children’s Hospital, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
    Department of Health Sciences, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713GZ Groningen, The Netherlands)

Abstract

Having an infant in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) elicits maternal anxiety, which may hamper parent−child bonding. We performed a prospective cohort study to describe anxiety in mothers of infants born before 30 weeks of gestation during NICU stay in The Netherlands, and investigated the influence of infant stress and gestational age. Second, we performed a randomized-controlled live-performed music therapy trial (LPMT trial) to investigate whether music therapy applied to the infant alleviated maternal anxiety. The relation between infant stress, gestational age, and maternal anxiety was measured in 45 mother−infant dyads, using the Neonatal Infant Stressor Scale and the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI). The effect of LPMT on anxiety was assessed in 21 mothers whose infants were assigned to either LPMT ( n = 12) or waitlist ( n = 9). Mothers completed the STAI before and after this period. Maternal anxiety decreased over time in all mothers, and was strongly related with infant stress (r = 0.706, p < 0.001), but not with gestational age. Anxiety scores decreased by 12% after LMPT, and increased by 1% after a waitlist period ( p = 0.30). Our results indicate that LPMT in the weeks after birth may accelerate the reduction of maternal anxiety. Further research should focus on the effects on mother−child bonding.

Suggested Citation

  • Karianne E. Kraft & Artur C. Jaschke & Anne-Greet Ravensbergen & Annet Feenstra-Weelink & Maud E. L. van Goor & Marlou L. A. de Kroon & Sijmen A. Reijneveld & Arend F. Bos & Nienke H. van Dokkum, 2021. "Maternal Anxiety, Infant Stress, and the Role of Live-Performed Music Therapy during NICU Stay in The Netherlands," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(13), pages 1-13, July.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:18:y:2021:i:13:p:7077-:d:587287
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Mark Ettenberger & Łucja Bieleninik & Shulamit Epstein & Cochavit Elefant, 2021. "Defining Attachment and Bonding: Overlaps, Differences and Implications for Music Therapy Clinical Practice and Research in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU)," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(4), pages 1-10, February.
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    Cited by:

    1. Delia Cristóbal Cañadas & Tesifón Parrón Carreño & Cristina Sánchez Borja & Antonio Bonillo Perales, 2022. "Benefits of Kangaroo Mother Care on the Physiological Stress Parameters of Preterm Infants and Mothers in Neonatal Intensive Care," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(12), pages 1-15, June.

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