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Four Weeks of Detraining Induced by COVID-19 Reverse Cardiac Improvements from Eight Weeks of Fitness-Dance Training in Older Adults with Mild Cognitive Impairment

Author

Listed:
  • Achraf Ammar

    (Institute of Sport Science, Otto-von-Guericke University, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany
    Interdisciplinary Laboratory in Neurosciences, Physiology and Psychology: Physical Activity, Health and Learning (LINP2), UFR STAPS, UPL, Paris Nanterre University, 92000 Nanterre, France)

  • Omar Boukhris

    (Physical Activity, Sport, and Health, UR18JS01, National Observatory of Sport, Tunis 1003, Tunisia
    High Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax 3000, Tunisia)

  • Nicole Halfpaap

    (Institute of Sport Science, Otto-von-Guericke University, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany)

  • Berit Kristin Labott

    (Institute of Sport Science, Otto-von-Guericke University, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany)

  • Corinna Langhans

    (Institute of Sport Science, Otto-von-Guericke University, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany)

  • Fabian Herold

    (German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 39104 Magdeburg, Germany
    Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Otto von Guericke University, Leipziger Str. 44, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany)

  • Bernhard Grässler

    (Institute of Sport Science, Otto-von-Guericke University, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany)

  • Patrick Müller

    (German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 39104 Magdeburg, Germany
    Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Otto von Guericke University, Leipziger Str. 44, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany)

  • Khaled Trabelsi

    (High Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax 3000, Tunisia
    Research Laboratory, Education, Motricity, Sport and Health, EM2S, LR19JS01, University of Sfax, Sfax 3000, Tunisia)

  • Hamdi Chtourou

    (Physical Activity, Sport, and Health, UR18JS01, National Observatory of Sport, Tunis 1003, Tunisia
    High Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax 3000, Tunisia)

  • Piotr Zmijewski

    (Jozef Pilsudski University of Physical Education in Warsaw, 00-809 Warsaw, Poland)

  • Tarak Driss

    (Interdisciplinary Laboratory in Neurosciences, Physiology and Psychology: Physical Activity, Health and Learning (LINP2), UFR STAPS, UPL, Paris Nanterre University, 92000 Nanterre, France)

  • Jordan M. Glenn

    (Exercise Science Research Center, Department of Health, Human Performance and Recreation, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA
    Neurotrack Technologies, 399 Bradford St, Redwood City, CA 94063, USA)

  • Notger G. Müller

    (German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 39104 Magdeburg, Germany
    Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Otto von Guericke University, Leipziger Str. 44, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
    Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences (CBBS), Brenneckestraße 6, 39118 Magdeburg, Germany)

  • Anita Hoekelmann

    (Institute of Sport Science, Otto-von-Guericke University, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany)

Abstract

Physical training is considered as a low-cost intervention to generate cardioprotective benefits and to promote physical and mental health, while reducing the severity of acute respiratory infection symptoms in older adults. However, lockdown measures during COVID-19 have limited people’s opportunity to exercise regularly. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of eight weeks of Fitness and Dance training, followed by four weeks of COVID-19-induced detraining, on cardiac adaptations and physical performance indicators in older adults with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Twelve older adults (6 males and 6 females) with MCI (age, 73 ± 4.4 y; body mass, 75.3 ± 6.4 kg; height, 172 ± 8 cm; MMSE score: 24–27) participated in eight weeks of a combined Fitness-Dance training intervention (two sessions/week) followed by four weeks of training cessation induced by COVID-19 lockdowns. Wireless Polar Team Pro and Polar heart rate sensors (H10) were used to monitor covered distance, speed, heart rate (HR min, avg and max), time in HR zone 1 to 5, strenuousness (load score), beat-to-beat interval (max RR and avg RR) and heart rate variability (HRV-RMSSD). One-way ANOVA was used to analyze the data of the three test sessions (T1: first training session, T2: last training session of the eight-week training program, and T3: first training session after the four-week training cessation). Statistical analysis showed that eight weeks of combined Fitness-Dance training induced beneficial cardiac adaptations by decreasing HR (HR min, HR avg and HR max) with p < 0.001, ES = 0.5–0.6 and Δ = −7 to−9 bpm, and increasing HRV related responses (max and avg RR and RMSSD), with p < 0.01 and ES = 0.4. Consequently, participants spent more time in comfortable HR zones (e.g., p < 0.0005; ES = 0.7; Δ = 25% for HR zone 1) and showed reduced strenuousness ( p = 0.02, Δ = −15% for load score), despite the higher covered total distance and average speed ( p < 0.01; ES = 0.4). However, these changes were reversed after only four weeks of COVID-19 induced detraining, with values of all parameters returning to their baseline levels. In conclusion, eight weeks of combined Fitness-Dance training seems to be an efficient strategy to promote cardioprotective benefits in older adults with MCI. Importantly, to maintain these health benefits, training has to be continued and detraining periods should be reduced. During a pandemic, home-based exercise programs may provide an effective and efficient alternative of physical training.

Suggested Citation

  • Achraf Ammar & Omar Boukhris & Nicole Halfpaap & Berit Kristin Labott & Corinna Langhans & Fabian Herold & Bernhard Grässler & Patrick Müller & Khaled Trabelsi & Hamdi Chtourou & Piotr Zmijewski & Tar, 2021. "Four Weeks of Detraining Induced by COVID-19 Reverse Cardiac Improvements from Eight Weeks of Fitness-Dance Training in Older Adults with Mild Cognitive Impairment," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(11), pages 1-19, May.
  • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:18:y:2021:i:11:p:5930-:d:566582
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Carlos André Freitas dos Santos & Ariane Nardy & Renato Jimenez Gomes & Brenda Rodrigues Silva & Fernanda Rodrigues Monteiro & Marcelo Rossi & Jônatas Bussador do Amaral & Vitória Paixão & Mauro Walte, 2024. "Long-Term Physical Activity Mitigates Inflammaging Progression in Older Adults Amidst the COVID-19 Pandemic," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 21(11), pages 1-17, October.

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