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Effect of a Warm-Up Protocol with and without Facemask-Use against COVID-19 on Cognitive Function: A Pilot, Randomized Counterbalanced, Cross-Sectional Study

Author

Listed:
  • Maamer Slimani

    (Department of Health Sciences (DISSAL), Postgraduate School of Public Health, Genoa University, 16132 Genoa, Italy
    Higher Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Ksar Said, University of Manouba, Manouba 2037, Tunisia)

  • Bianca Miarka

    (Postgraduate Program in Physical Education, School of Physical Education and Sports, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-599, Brazil)

  • Hela Znazen

    (Department of Physical Education and Sport, College of Education, Taif University, P. O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia)

  • Wassim Moalla

    (Higher Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Sfax, LR19JS01 EM2S: Éducation, Motricité, Sport et Santé, University of Sfax, Sfax 3000, Tunisia)

  • Amri Hammami

    (Higher Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Ksar Said, University of Manouba, Manouba 2037, Tunisia)

  • Armin Paravlic

    (Science and Research Centre Koper, Institute for Kinesiology, Faculty of Sport, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia)

  • Nicola Luigi Bragazzi

    (Laboratory for Industrial and Applied Mathematics (LIAM), Department of Mathematics and Statistics, York University, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada)

Abstract

The present study aimed to verify the effect of a warm-up protocol with and without facemask-use on cognitive function. The sample was composed of 17 healthy, non-smoking physical education students (age = 17.6 years, height = 1.71 m, and body mass = 69.7 kg). They were randomized to perform 15 min of warm-up exercises, while wearing a cloth facemask (EXP) or no mask (CON) on two separate occasions, with at least 48-h separating conditions. Rate of perceived exertion (RPE) and d2 Attention assessment were used to verify cognitive function, using a repeated measures general linear model. The warm-up improved cognitive abilities and the results demonstrated significant differences between the EXP vs. CON groups in post-concentration performance (186.06 ± 15.47 EXP-score vs. 178.12 ± 13.66 CON-score), post the total number of errors (23.47 ± 14.50 EXP-frequency < 29.06 ± 13.74 CON-frequency), and in the post RPE (6.0 ± 1.37 EXP-index > 4.7 ± 0.85 CON-index). Wearing a cloth facemask caused positive effects on cognitive function. This data suggests that wearing a cloth facemask during warm-up may stimulate/improve the cognitive function.

Suggested Citation

  • Maamer Slimani & Bianca Miarka & Hela Znazen & Wassim Moalla & Amri Hammami & Armin Paravlic & Nicola Luigi Bragazzi, 2021. "Effect of a Warm-Up Protocol with and without Facemask-Use against COVID-19 on Cognitive Function: A Pilot, Randomized Counterbalanced, Cross-Sectional Study," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(11), pages 1-8, May.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:18:y:2021:i:11:p:5885-:d:565685
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    Cited by:

    1. Robyn Braun-Trocchio & Jessica Renteria & Elizabeth Warfield & Kaitlyn Harrison & Ashlynn Williams, 2022. "The Effects of Face Coverings on Perceived Exertion and Attention Allocation during a Stepping Task," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(11), pages 1-9, June.

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