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Assessing Factors Associated with TB Awareness in Nepal: A National and Subnational Study

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  • Yoko Iwaki

    (Science, Technology and Innovation Policy Program, National Graduate Institute for Policy Studies (GRIPS), 7-22-1 Roppongi, Minato-ku, Tokyo 106-8677, Japan)

  • Santosh Kumar Rauniyar

    (Department of Global Health Policy, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan)

  • Shuhei Nomura

    (Department of Global Health Policy, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
    Department of Health Policy and Management, School of Medicine, Keio University, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan)

  • Michael C. Huang

    (SciREX Center, National Graduate Institute for Policy Studies (GRIPS), 7-22-1 Roppongi, Minato-ku, Tokyo 106-8677, Japan)

Abstract

Tuberculosis (TB) has still remained a serious global health threat in low- and middle-income countries in recent years. As of 2021, Nepal is one of the high TB burden countries, with an increasing prevalence of cases. This study evaluates factors associated with TB awareness in Nepal. This study uses data from the Nepal Demographic and Health Survey, a cross-sectional survey carried out from June 2016 to January 2017. Multilevel logistic regression is performed to examine the association of demographic and socioeconomic factors with TB awareness. Our findings show a high level of TB awareness in all seven provinces of Nepal. Province 5 has the highest level of awareness (98.1%) among all provinces, followed by provinces 3 and 4, while province 6 has the lowest awareness level (93.2%) compared to others. Socioeconomic factors such as wealth, education and owning a mobile phone are significantly associated with TB awareness. Socioeconomic determinants are influential factors associated with TB awareness in Nepal. The wide variation in the proportion of awareness at a regional level emphasizes the importance of formulating tailored strategies to increase TB awareness. For instance, the use of mobile phones could be an effective strategy to promote TB awareness at a regional level. This study provides valuable evidence to support further research on the contribution of information and communication technology (ICT) usage to improving TB awareness in Nepal.

Suggested Citation

  • Yoko Iwaki & Santosh Kumar Rauniyar & Shuhei Nomura & Michael C. Huang, 2021. "Assessing Factors Associated with TB Awareness in Nepal: A National and Subnational Study," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(10), pages 1-9, May.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:18:y:2021:i:10:p:5124-:d:552998
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Sujan Babu Marahatta & Rajesh Kumar Yadav & Deena Giri & Sarina Lama & Komal Raj Rijal & Shiva Raj Mishra & Ashish Shrestha & Pramod Raj Bhattrai & Roshan Kumar Mahato & Bipin Adhikari, 2020. "Barriers in the access, diagnosis and treatment completion for tuberculosis patients in central and western Nepal: A qualitative study among patients, community members and health care workers," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 15(1), pages 1-18, January.
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