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Short-Term Exposure to Fine Particulate Matter and Hospitalizations for Acute Lower Respiratory Infection in Korean Children: A Time-Series Study in Seven Metropolitan Cities

Author

Listed:
  • Jongmin Oh

    (Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, School of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Korea
    Contribute equally as first author.)

  • Changwoo Han

    (Department of Preventive Medicine, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon 301-747, Korea
    Contribute equally as first author.)

  • Dong-Wook Lee

    (Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110-799, Korea)

  • Yoonyoung Jang

    (Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110-799, Korea)

  • Yoon-Jung Choi

    (Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110-799, Korea
    Environmental Health Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea)

  • Hyun Joo Bae

    (Korea Environment Institute, Sejong 30147, Korea)

  • Soontae Kim

    (Department of Environmental and Safety Engineering, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Korea)

  • Eunhee Ha

    (Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, School of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Korea)

  • Yun-Chul Hong

    (Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110-799, Korea
    Environmental Health Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea)

  • Youn-Hee Lim

    (Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, 1599 Copenhagen, Denmark)

Abstract

Although several studies have evaluated the association between fine particulate matter (PM 2.5 ) and acute lower respiratory infection (ALRI) in children, their results were inconsistent Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the association between short-term exposure to PM 2.5 and ALRI hospitalizations in children (0–5 years) living in seven metropolitan cities of Korea. The ALRI hospitalization data of children living in seven metropolitan cities of Korea from 2008 to 2016 was acquired from a customized database constructed based on National Health Insurance data. The time-series data in a generalized additive model were used to evaluate the relationship between ALRI hospitalization and 7-day moving average PM 2.5 exposure after adjusting for apparent temperature, day of the week, and time trends. We performed a meta-analysis using a two-stage design method. The estimates for each city were pooled to generate an average estimate of the associations. The average PM 2.5 concentration in 7 metropolitan cities was 29.0 μg/m 3 and a total of 713,588 ALRI hospitalizations were observed during the 9-year study period. A strong linear association was observed between PM 2.5 and ALRI hospitalization. A 10 μg/m 3 increase in the 7-day moving average of PM 2.5 was associated with a 1.20% (95% CI: 0.71, 1.71) increase in ALRI hospitalization. While we found similar estimates in a stratified analysis by sex, we observed stronger estimates of the association in the warm season (1.71%, 95% CI: 0.94, 2.48) compared to the cold season (0.31%, 95% CI: −0.51, 1.13). In the two-pollutant models, the PM 2.5 effect adjusted by SO 2 was attenuated more than in the single pollutant model. Our results suggest a positive association between PM 2.5 exposure and ALRI hospitalizations in Korean children, particularly in the warm season. The children need to refrain from going out on days when PM 2.5 is high.

Suggested Citation

  • Jongmin Oh & Changwoo Han & Dong-Wook Lee & Yoonyoung Jang & Yoon-Jung Choi & Hyun Joo Bae & Soontae Kim & Eunhee Ha & Yun-Chul Hong & Youn-Hee Lim, 2020. "Short-Term Exposure to Fine Particulate Matter and Hospitalizations for Acute Lower Respiratory Infection in Korean Children: A Time-Series Study in Seven Metropolitan Cities," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(1), pages 1-15, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:18:y:2020:i:1:p:144-:d:469229
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Mona Pathak & Sada Nand Dwivedi & SVS Deo & V Sreenivas & Bhaskar Thakur, 2017. "Which is the Preferred Measure of Heterogeneity in Meta-Analysis and Why? A Revisit," Biostatistics and Biometrics Open Access Journal, Juniper Publishers Inc., vol. 1(1), pages 14-20, March.
    2. Louis Anthony (Tony) Cox & Xiaobin Liu & Liuhua Shi & Ke Zu & Julie Goodman, 2017. "Applying Nonparametric Methods to Analyses of Short-Term Fine Particulate Matter Exposure and Hospital Admissions for Cardiovascular Diseases among Older Adults," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 14(9), pages 1-14, September.
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