IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jijerp/v18y2020i1p141-d469119.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Radiological Assessment of Indoor Radon and Thoron Concentrations and Indoor Radon Map of Dwellings in Mashhad, Iran

Author

Listed:
  • Mohammademad Adelikhah

    (Institute of Radiochemistry and Radioecology, University of Pannonia, 8200 Veszprém, Hungary)

  • Amin Shahrokhi

    (Institute of Radiochemistry and Radioecology, University of Pannonia, 8200 Veszprém, Hungary)

  • Morteza Imani

    (Materials and Nuclear Fuel Research School, Nuclear Science and Technology Research Institute, Tehran 11365-8486, Iran)

  • Stanislaw Chalupnik

    (Silesian Centre for Environmental Radioactivity, Central Mining Institute, plac Gwarków 1, 40-166 Katowice, Poland)

  • Tibor Kovács

    (Institute of Radiochemistry and Radioecology, University of Pannonia, 8200 Veszprém, Hungary)

Abstract

A comprehensive study was carried out to measure indoor radon/thoron concentrations in 78 dwellings and soil-gas radon in the city of Mashhad, Iran during two seasons, using two common radon monitoring devices (NRPB and RADUET). In the winter, indoor radon concentrations measured between 75 ± 11 to 376 ± 24 Bq·m −3 (mean: 150 ± 19 Bq m −3 ), whereas indoor thoron concentrations ranged from below the Lower Limit of Detection (LLD) to 166 ± 10 Bq·m −3 (mean: 66 ± 8 Bq m −3 ), while radon and thoron concentrations in summer fell between 50 ± 11 and 305 ± 24 Bq·m −3 (mean 115 ± 18 Bq m −3 ) and from below the LLD to 122 ± 10 Bq m −3 (mean 48 ± 6 Bq·m −3 ), respectively. The annual average effective dose was estimated to be 3.7 ± 0.5 mSv yr −1 . The soil-gas radon concentrations fell within the range from 1.07 ± 0.28 to 8.02 ± 0.65 kBq·m −3 (mean 3.07 ± 1.09 kBq·m −3 ). Finally, indoor radon maps were generated by ArcGIS software over a grid of 1 × 1 km 2 using three different interpolation techniques. In grid cells where no data was observed, the arithmetic mean was used to predict a mean indoor radon concentration. Accordingly, inverse distance weighting (IDW) was proven to be more suitable for predicting mean indoor radon concentrations due to the lower mean absolute error (MAE) and root mean square error (RMSE). Meanwhile, the radiation health risk due to the residential exposure to radon and indoor gamma radiation exposure was also assessed.

Suggested Citation

  • Mohammademad Adelikhah & Amin Shahrokhi & Morteza Imani & Stanislaw Chalupnik & Tibor Kovács, 2020. "Radiological Assessment of Indoor Radon and Thoron Concentrations and Indoor Radon Map of Dwellings in Mashhad, Iran," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(1), pages 1-15, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:18:y:2020:i:1:p:141-:d:469119
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/18/1/141/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/18/1/141/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Ji Hyun Park & Cheol Min Lee & Hyun Young Lee & Dae Ryong Kang, 2018. "Estimation of Seasonal Correction Factors for Indoor Radon Concentrations in Korea," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 15(10), pages 1-13, October.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Eung Joo Park & Hokyou Lee & Hyeon Chang Kim & Seung Soo Sheen & Sang Baek Koh & Ki Soo Park & Nam Han Cho & Cheol-Min Lee & Dae Ryong Kang, 2020. "Residential Radon Exposure and Cigarette Smoking in Association with Lung Cancer: A Matched Case-Control Study in Korea," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(8), pages 1-9, April.
    2. Ji Hyun Park & Cheol Min Lee & Dae Ryong Kang, 2019. "A Deterministic Model for Estimating Indoor Radon Concentrations in South Korea," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(18), pages 1-8, September.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:18:y:2020:i:1:p:141-:d:469119. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.