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National Monitoring for Menstrual Health and Hygiene: Is the Type of Menstrual Material Used Indicative of Needs Across 10 Countries?

Author

Listed:
  • Annie D. Smith

    (Department of Population, Family and Reproductive Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA)

  • Alfred Muli

    (Ruby Cup by Ruby Life, Nairobi 00100, Kenya)

  • Kellogg J. Schwab

    (The Water Institute, Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA)

  • Julie Hennegan

    (The Water Institute, Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA)

Abstract

Surveys monitoring population health and sanitation are increasingly seeking to monitor menstrual health. In the absence of established indicators, these surveys have most often collected data on the type of menstrual material used. This study investigated whether such data provides a useful indication of women’s menstrual material needs being met. Using data from 12 national or state representative surveys from the Performance Monitoring and Accountability 2020 program, we compared self-reported menstrual material use against respondents’ reported menstrual material needs (including needing clean materials, money, or access to a vendor). The use of menstrual pads did not indicate that menstrual material needs were met for many respondents. Of those exclusively using pads, a pooled 26.4% (95% Confidence Interval 17.1–38.5) of respondents reported that they had unmet material needs. More disadvantaged groups were particularly misrepresented; of rural women exclusively using pads, a pooled 38.5% (95%CI 27.3–51.1) reported unmet material needs, compared to 17.1% (95%CI 12.4–23.0) of urban women. Similar disparities were observed for levels of education and wealth, with a pooled 45.9% (95%CI 29.2–63.6) of women in the lowest wealth quintile reporting unmet material needs. Findings suggest that caution is needed when using menstrual material use as an indicator for menstrual health.

Suggested Citation

  • Annie D. Smith & Alfred Muli & Kellogg J. Schwab & Julie Hennegan, 2020. "National Monitoring for Menstrual Health and Hygiene: Is the Type of Menstrual Material Used Indicative of Needs Across 10 Countries?," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(8), pages 1-16, April.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:17:y:2020:i:8:p:2633-:d:344499
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Tanya Mahajan, 2019. "Imperfect Information in Menstrual Health and the Role of Informed Choice," Indian Journal of Gender Studies, Centre for Women's Development Studies, vol. 26(1-2), pages 59-78, February.
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