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Later-Life Exposure to Moderate PM 2.5 Air Pollution and Life Loss of Older Adults in Taiwan

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  • Jing-Shiang Hwang

    (Institute of Statistical Science, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan)

  • Tsuey-Hwa Hu

    (Institute of Statistical Science, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan)

Abstract

Background: Few studies have directly estimated expected life loss attributable to lifetime exposure to fine particulate matter (PM 2.5 ). Methods: We used claims data from Taiwan’s National Health Insurance to create 63 study cohorts of 1.91 million residents aged 60–79 years old residing in small areas where air quality monitoring stations are situated. The survival status of each person was followed from 2001 to 2016. We applied an extrapolation algorithm to estimate the lifetime survival function so that we could directly estimate life expectancy (LE) and the lifetime exposure to PM 2.5 of each cohort. We estimated the association between LE and lifetime exposure to PM 2.5 among the 63 cohorts. We also fit a Cox proportional hazards model to all the data combined to estimate the relative risk of mortality. Results: Older adults who lived in an area with a higher lifetime weighted average PM 2.5 of 10 μ g / m 3 had a shortened LE by 0.34 (95% CI: 0.22–0.46) years. The hazard ratio of mortality was 1.0245 (1.0242–1.0248) per one μ g / m 3 increase in lifetime average PM 2.5 . Conclusion: This study provides strong evidence that later-life exposure to moderate PM 2.5 air pollution had a substantial impact on the life loss of older adults.

Suggested Citation

  • Jing-Shiang Hwang & Tsuey-Hwa Hu, 2020. "Later-Life Exposure to Moderate PM 2.5 Air Pollution and Life Loss of Older Adults in Taiwan," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(6), pages 1-12, March.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:17:y:2020:i:6:p:1873-:d:332161
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Christopher Jackson & John Stevens & Shijie Ren & Nick Latimer & Laura Bojke & Andrea Manca & Linda Sharples, 2017. "Extrapolating Survival from Randomized Trials Using External Data: A Review of Methods," Medical Decision Making, , vol. 37(4), pages 377-390, May.
    2. Ok-Jin Kim & Sun-Young Kim & Ho Kim, 2017. "Association between Long-Term Exposure to Particulate Matter Air Pollution and Mortality in a South Korean National Cohort: Comparison across Different Exposure Assessment Approaches," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 14(10), pages 1-14, September.
    3. Jing‐Shiang Hwang & Tsuey‐Hwa Hu & Lukas Jyuhn‐Hsiarn Lee & Jung‐Der Wang, 2017. "Estimating lifetime medical costs from censored claims data," Health Economics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 26(12), pages 332-344, December.
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