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Comparing the Climatic and Landscape Risk Factors for Lyme Disease Cases in the Upper Midwest and Northeast United States

Author

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  • Yuting Dong

    (College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210046, China)

  • Zheng Huang

    (College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210046, China)

  • Yong Zhang

    (College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China)

  • Yingying X.G. Wang

    (Department of Biological and Environmental Science, University of Jyväskylä, FI-40014 Jyväskylä, Finland)

  • Yang La

    (Medical College, Tibet University, Lhasa 850000, China)

Abstract

Lyme disease, recognized as one of the most important vector-borne diseases worldwide, has been increasing in incidence and spatial extend in United States. In the Northeast and Upper Midwest, Lyme disease is transmitted by Ixodes scapularis . Currently, many studies have been conducted to identify factors influencing Lyme disease risk in the Northeast, however, relatively few studies focused on the Upper Midwest. In this study, we explored and compared the climatic and landscape factors that shape the spatial patterns of human Lyme cases in these two regions, using the generalized linear mixed models. Our results showed that climatic variables generally had opposite correlations with Lyme disease risk, while landscape factors usually had similar effects in these two regions. High precipitation and low temperature were correlated with high Lyme disease risk in the Upper Midwest, while with low Lyme disease risk in the Northeast. In both regions, size and fragmentation related factors of residential area showed positive correlations with Lyme disease risk. Deciduous forests and evergreen forests had opposite effects on Lyme disease risk, but the effects were consistent between two regions. In general, this study provides new insight into understanding the differences of risk factors of human Lyme disease risk in these two regions.

Suggested Citation

  • Yuting Dong & Zheng Huang & Yong Zhang & Yingying X.G. Wang & Yang La, 2020. "Comparing the Climatic and Landscape Risk Factors for Lyme Disease Cases in the Upper Midwest and Northeast United States," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(5), pages 1-10, February.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:17:y:2020:i:5:p:1548-:d:326373
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Max McClure & Maria Diuk-Wasser, 2018. "Reconciling the Entomological Hazard and Disease Risk in the Lyme Disease System," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 15(5), pages 1-15, May.
    2. A. Michelle Ferrell & R. Jory Brinkerhoff, 2018. "Using Landscape Analysis to Test Hypotheses about Drivers of Tick Abundance and Infection Prevalence with Borrelia burgdorferi," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 15(4), pages 1-14, April.
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    Cited by:

    1. Alexandra Sack & Elena N. Naumova & Lori Lyn Price & Guang Xu & Stephen M. Rich, 2023. "Passive Surveillance of Human-Biting Ixodes scapularis Ticks in Massachusetts from 2015–2019," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(5), pages 1-11, February.
    2. Beate Conrady, 2021. "Epidemiological, Mitigation and Economic Impact of Zoonoses," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(21), pages 1-5, November.

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