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Environmental Exposure of Arsenic in Groundwater Associated to Carcinogenic Risk in Underweight Children Exposed to Fluorides

Author

Listed:
  • Nelly Molina-Frechero

    (Division of Biological and Health Sciences, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Mexico City 04460, Mexico)

  • Martina Nevarez-Rascón

    (Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad Autónoma de Chihuahua, Chihuahua 31000, Mexico)

  • Omar Tremillo-Maldonado

    (Research Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad Juárez del Estado de Durango, Durango 34000, Mexico)

  • Marcela Vergara-Onofre

    (Division of Biological and Health Sciences, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Mexico City 04460, Mexico)

  • Rey Gutiérrez-Tolentino

    (Division of Biological and Health Sciences, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Mexico City 04460, Mexico)

  • Enrique Gaona

    (Division of Biological and Health Sciences, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Mexico City 04460, Mexico)

  • Enrique Castañeda

    (Division of Biological and Health Sciences, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Mexico City 04460, Mexico)

  • Lizet Jarquin-Yañez

    (Center of Applied Research in Environment and Health, CIACYT, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí 78120, Mexico)

  • Ronell Bologna-Molina

    (Research Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad Juárez del Estado de Durango, Durango 34000, Mexico
    Molecular Pathology, School of Dentistry, Universidad de la República, Montevideo 11600, Uruguay)

Abstract

Background: The purpose of this study was to determine the concentration of inorganic arsenic (As) in the potable water available to the population to be able to estimate the non-carcinogenic risks for underweight children and the carcinogenic risk for adults exposed to As intake who live in the Mezquital municipality, Durango, Mexico. Methods: The As content was quantifed in the water supply sources for human use and its intake was estimated in Mezquital population, southern Durango. With the data obtained, the hazard quotient (HQ) was calculated to determine the non-carcinogenic risk to develop chronic systemic effects in underweight children. The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) reference health values estimating As exposure risk are from 0.0003 mg/kg/day (non-carcinogenic) to 1.5 mg/kg/day (carcinogenic risk). Results: The analyzed waters presented as concentrations that varied from 0.3 to 10.2 µg/L, with a mean of 7.35 µg/L (CI 95% 6.27–8.38). The exposure dose was 0.4 to 1.36, and the HQ was 1.90 to 6.48 mg/kg/day, the estimated carcinogenic risk from adults varied from 1.28 to 4.37E −4 , with values of 3.74–4.37E −4 mg/kg/day in central area. Conclusions: The children are at risk to develop chronic systemic effects due to ingestion of As from water.

Suggested Citation

  • Nelly Molina-Frechero & Martina Nevarez-Rascón & Omar Tremillo-Maldonado & Marcela Vergara-Onofre & Rey Gutiérrez-Tolentino & Enrique Gaona & Enrique Castañeda & Lizet Jarquin-Yañez & Ronell Bologna-M, 2020. "Environmental Exposure of Arsenic in Groundwater Associated to Carcinogenic Risk in Underweight Children Exposed to Fluorides," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(3), pages 1-10, January.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:17:y:2020:i:3:p:724-:d:312174
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Nelly Molina-Frechero & Martina Nevarez-Rascón & Alfredo Nevarez-Rascón & Rogelio González-González & María Esther Irigoyen-Camacho & Leonor Sánchez-Pérez & Sandra López-Verdin & Ronell Bologna-Molina, 2017. "Impact of Dental Fluorosis, Socioeconomic Status and Self-Perception in Adolescents Exposed to a High Level of Fluoride in Water," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 14(1), pages 1-10, January.
    2. Carmen González-Horta & Lourdes Ballinas-Casarrubias & Blanca Sánchez-Ramírez & María C. Ishida & Angel Barrera-Hernández & Daniela Gutiérrez-Torres & Olga L. Zacarias & R. Jesse Saunders & Zuzana Dro, 2015. "A Concurrent Exposure to Arsenic and Fluoride from Drinking Water in Chihuahua, Mexico," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 12(5), pages 1-15, April.
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