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Human Health Risk Assessment by Dietary Intake and Spatial Distribution Pattern of Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers and Dechloran Plus from Selected Cities of Pakistan

Author

Listed:
  • Adeel Mahmood

    (Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, GC Women University, Sialkot 51310, Pakistan
    State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China)

  • Jabir Hussain Syed

    (Department of Meteorology, COMSATS University, Islamabad Tarlai Kalan, Park Road Islamabad, Islamabad 45550, Pakistan)

  • Waseem Raza

    (State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China)

  • Amtul Bari Tabinda

    (Sustainable Development Study Centre, Government College University, Lahore 54000, Pakistan)

  • Andleeb Mehmood

    (State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China)

  • Jun Li

    (State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China)

  • Gan Zhang

    (State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China)

  • Mudassar Azam

    (Institute of Chemical, Environmental and Bio Science Engineering, TU Wien, 1060 Vienna, Austria)

Abstract

A class of intractable bio accumulative halogenated compounds polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) was studied. Specifically, PBDEs and dechloran plus (DP) contamination in wheat and the assaulted environment—agricultural soil and dust—from metropolitan cities of Pakistan was the focus. The exposure of brominated flame retardants (BFRs) to humans, their probable toxicological impact on health, source apportionment, and the spatial tendency of BFRs were studied. Chromatographic analysis was performed, and concentrations (ng g −1 ) of ΣPBDE and ΣDP in soil, dust, and cereal crops were estimated in a range from 0.63 to 31.70 n.d. to 6.32 and n.d. to 3.47, respectively, and 0.11 to 7.05, n.d. to 4.56 and 0.05 to 4.95, respectively. Data analysis of source apportionment reflected that the existence of solid and e-waste sites, long-range transport, urban and industrial fraction can be the potential source of PBDE and DP pollution. Moreover, potential hazardous risks to human health across the study area via the dietary intake of cereal foods were deemed trifling, and were gauged on the basis of existing toxicological data.

Suggested Citation

  • Adeel Mahmood & Jabir Hussain Syed & Waseem Raza & Amtul Bari Tabinda & Andleeb Mehmood & Jun Li & Gan Zhang & Mudassar Azam, 2020. "Human Health Risk Assessment by Dietary Intake and Spatial Distribution Pattern of Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers and Dechloran Plus from Selected Cities of Pakistan," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(24), pages 1-12, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:17:y:2020:i:24:p:9543-:d:465345
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Jacob de Boer & Peter G. Wester & Hans J. C. Klamer & Wilma E. Lewis & Jan P. Boon, 1998. "Do flame retardants threaten ocean life?," Nature, Nature, vol. 394(6688), pages 28-29, July.
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