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Development and Molecular Investigation into the Effects of Carbamazepine Exposure in the Zebrafish ( Danio rerio )

Author

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  • Huihui Chen

    (State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
    State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China)

  • Huiting Yang

    (State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
    Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control & Waste Resource Reuse, School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, China)

  • Yanyan Zhao

    (State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China)

  • Xiaohong Gu

    (State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
    Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Regional Modern Agriculture & Environmental Protection, Huaiyin Normal University, Huaian 223300, China)

  • Christopher J. Martyniuk

    (Department of Physiological Sciences and Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology, University of Florida Genetics Institute, Interdisciplinary Program in Biomedical Sciences Neuroscience, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA)

Abstract

Concerns regarding environmental exposures and the impacts of pharmaceuticals on non-target aquatic organisms continue to increase. The antiepileptic drug carbamazepine (CBZ) is often detected as an aquatic contaminant and can disrupt various behaviors of fishes. However, there are few reports which investigate the mechanism of CBZ action in fish. The aim of the current study was to evaluate the effects of CBZ on embryonic development (i.e., hatching rate, heart rate, and body length) and early spontaneous movement. Moreover, we sought to investigate potential mechanisms by focusing on the gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) neurotransmitter system in zebrafish 6 days after of exposure. The results show that CBZ exposure did not cause significant effects on embryo development (hatching rate, heart rate, nor body length) at the test concentrations. However, the early spontaneous movement of embryos was inhibited following 10 μg/L CBZ exposure at 28–29 h post-fertilization (hpf). In addition, acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity and GABA concentrations were increased with exposure, whereas glutamate (Glu) concentrations were decreased in larval zebrafish. Gene expression analysis revealed that GABA and glutamate metabolic pathways in zebrafish larvae were altered following exposure to CBZ. GABA transaminase ( abat ) and glutamic acid decarboxylase ( gad1b ) decreased to 100 µg/L, and glutamate receptor, ionotropic, N-methyl D-aspartate 1b ( grin1b ) as well as the glutamate receptor, ionotropic, α-amino-3hydroxy-5methylisoxazole-4propionic 2b ( gria2b ) were down-regulated with exposure to 1 µg/L CBZ. Our study suggests that CBZ, which can act as an agonist of the GABA A receptor in humans, can also induce alterations in the GABAergic system in fish. Overall, this study improves understanding of the neurotoxicity and behavioral toxicity of zebrafish exposed to CBZ and generates data to be used to understand mechanisms of action that may underlie antiepileptic drug exposures.

Suggested Citation

  • Huihui Chen & Huiting Yang & Yanyan Zhao & Xiaohong Gu & Christopher J. Martyniuk, 2020. "Development and Molecular Investigation into the Effects of Carbamazepine Exposure in the Zebrafish ( Danio rerio )," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(23), pages 1-11, November.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:17:y:2020:i:23:p:8882-:d:453312
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Huihui Chen & Xiaohong Gu & Qingfei Zeng & Zhigang Mao, 2019. "Acute and Chronic Toxicity of Carbamazepine on the Release of Chitobiase, Molting, and Reproduction in Daphnia similis," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(2), pages 1-12, January.
    2. Hongbing Wang & Fiona K. Bedford & Nicholas J. Brandon & Stephen J. Moss & Richard W. Olsen, 1999. "GABAA-receptor-associated protein links GABAA receptors and the cytoskeleton," Nature, Nature, vol. 397(6714), pages 69-72, January.
    3. Ying Li & Xiangming Niu & Chi Yao & Wen Yang & Guanghua Lu, 2019. "Distribution, Removal, and Risk Assessment of Pharmaceuticals and Their Metabolites in Five Sewage Plants," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(23), pages 1-18, November.
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