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Is Sitting Always Inactive and Standing Always Active? A Simultaneous Free-Living activPal and ActiGraph Analysis

Author

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  • Roman P. Kuster

    (Institute of Mechanical Systems, School of Engineering, ZHAW Zurich University of Applied Sciences, 8400 Winterthur, Switzerland
    Division of Physiotherapy, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, 141 83 Huddinge, Sweden)

  • Wilhelmus J. A. Grooten

    (Division of Physiotherapy, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, 141 83 Huddinge, Sweden
    Medical Unit Occupational Therapy and Physiotherapy, Allied Health Professionals, Karolinska University Hospital, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden)

  • Victoria Blom

    (Department of Physical Activity and Health, The Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences, 114 86 Stockholm, Sweden
    Division of Insurance Medicine, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden)

  • Daniel Baumgartner

    (Institute of Mechanical Systems, School of Engineering, ZHAW Zurich University of Applied Sciences, 8400 Winterthur, Switzerland)

  • Maria Hagströmer

    (Division of Physiotherapy, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, 141 83 Huddinge, Sweden
    Academic Primary Health Care Center, Region Stockholm, 104 31 Stockholm, Sweden)

  • Örjan Ekblom

    (Department of Physical Activity and Health, The Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences, 114 86 Stockholm, Sweden)

Abstract

Sedentary Behavior (SB), defined as sitting with minimal physical activity, is an emergent public health topic. However, the measurement of SB considers either posture (e.g., activPal) or physical activity (e.g., ActiGraph), and thus neglects either active sitting or inactive standing. The aim of this study was to determine the true amount of active sitting and inactive standing in daily life, and to analyze by how much these behaviors falsify the single sensors’ sedentary estimates. Sedentary time of 100 office workers estimated with activPal and ActiGraph was therefore compared with Bland-Altman statistics to a combined sensor analysis, the posture and physical activity index (POPAI). POPAI classified each activPal sitting and standing event into inactive or active using the ActiGraph counts. Participants spent 45.0% [32.2%–59.1%] of the waking hours inactive sitting (equal to SB), 13.7% [7.8%–21.6%] active sitting, and 12.0% [5.7%–24.1%] inactive standing (mean [5th–95th percentile]). The activPal overestimated sedentary time by 30.3% [12.3%–48.4%] and the ActiGraph by 22.5% [3.2%–41.8%] (bias [95% limit-of-agreement]). The results showed that sitting is not always inactive, and standing is not always active. Caution should therefore be paid when interpreting the activPal (ignoring active sitting) and ActiGraph (ignoring inactive standing) measured time as SB.

Suggested Citation

  • Roman P. Kuster & Wilhelmus J. A. Grooten & Victoria Blom & Daniel Baumgartner & Maria Hagströmer & Örjan Ekblom, 2020. "Is Sitting Always Inactive and Standing Always Active? A Simultaneous Free-Living activPal and ActiGraph Analysis," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(23), pages 1-14, November.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:17:y:2020:i:23:p:8864-:d:452975
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    Cited by:

    1. Roman P. Kuster & Wilhelmus J. A. Grooten & Victoria Blom & Daniel Baumgartner & Maria Hagströmer & Örjan Ekblom, 2021. "How Accurate and Precise Can We Measure the Posture and the Energy Expenditure Component of Sedentary Behaviour with One Sensor?," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(11), pages 1-13, May.

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