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A Scoping Review of the Risk Factors Associated with Anaemia among Children Under Five Years in Sub-Saharan African Countries

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  • Phillips Edomwonyi Obasohan

    (School of Health and Related Research (ScHARR), University of Sheffield, Sheffield S1 4DA, UK
    Department of Liberal Studies, College of Administrative and Business Studies, Niger State Polytechnic, Bida Campus, Bida 912231, Nigeria)

  • Stephen J. Walters

    (School of Health and Related Research (ScHARR), University of Sheffield, Sheffield S1 4DA, UK)

  • Richard Jacques

    (School of Health and Related Research (ScHARR), University of Sheffield, Sheffield S1 4DA, UK)

  • Khaled Khatab

    (Faculty of Health and Wellbeing, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield S10 2BP, UK)

Abstract

Background /Purpose : Globally, anaemia is a severe public health condition affecting over 24% of the world’s population. Children under five years old and pregnant women are the most vulnerable to this disease. This scoping review aimed to evaluate studies that used classical statistical regression methods on nationally representative health survey data to identify the individual socioeconomic, demographic and contextual risk factors associated with developing anaemia among children under five years of age in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Methods/Design: The reporting pattern followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) guidelines. The following databases were searched: MEDLINE, EMBASE (OVID platform), Web of Science, PUBMED, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), PsycINFO, Scopus, Cochrane library, African Journal of online (AJOL), Google Scholar and Measure DHS. Results: The review identified 20 relevant studies and the risk factors for anaemia were classified as child-related, parental/household-related and community- or area-related factors. The risk factors for anaemia identified included age, birth order, sex, comorbidities (such as fever, diarrhoea and acute respiratory infection), malnutrition or stunting, maternal education, maternal age, mother’s anaemia status, household wealth and place of residence. Conclusion: The outcome of this review is of significant value for health policy and planners to enable them to make informed decision that will correct any imbalances in anaemia across socioeconomic, demographic and contextual characteristics, with the view of making efficient distributions of health interventions.

Suggested Citation

  • Phillips Edomwonyi Obasohan & Stephen J. Walters & Richard Jacques & Khaled Khatab, 2020. "A Scoping Review of the Risk Factors Associated with Anaemia among Children Under Five Years in Sub-Saharan African Countries," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(23), pages 1-20, November.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:17:y:2020:i:23:p:8829-:d:452409
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Bart N Green & Claire D Johnson & Scott Haldeman & Erin Griffith & Michael B Clay & Edward J Kane & Juan M Castellote & Shanmuganathan Rajasekaran & Matthew Smuck & Eric L Hurwitz & Kristi Randhawa & , 2018. "A scoping review of biopsychosocial risk factors and co-morbidities for common spinal disorders," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 13(6), pages 1-28, June.
    2. Samuel Manda & Ndamonaonghenda Haushona & Robert Bergquist, 2020. "A Scoping Review of Spatial Analysis Approaches Using Health Survey Data in Sub-Saharan Africa," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(9), pages 1-20, April.
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    Cited by:

    1. Phillips Edomwonyi Obasohan & Stephen J. Walters & Richard Jacques & Khaled Khatab, 2021. "Individual and Contextual Factors Associated with Malaria among Children 6–59 Months in Nigeria: A Multilevel Mixed Effect Logistic Model Approach," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(21), pages 1-25, October.

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