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Impact of Aquatic-Based Physical Exercise Programs on Risk Markers of Cardiometabolic Diseases in Older People: A Study Protocol for Randomized-Controlled Trials

Author

Listed:
  • José Pedro Ferreira

    (FCDEF-UC, CIDAF, University of Coimbra, 3040-248 Coimbra, Portugal)

  • Ana Teixeira

    (FCDEF-UC, CIDAF, University of Coimbra, 3040-248 Coimbra, Portugal)

  • João Serrano

    (Sport, Health & Exercise Research Unit (SHERU), Polytechnic Institute of Castelo Branco, 6000-266 Castelo Branco, Portugal)

  • Carlos Farinha

    (FCDEF-UC, CIDAF, University of Coimbra, 3040-248 Coimbra, Portugal)

  • Hélder Santos

    (Coimbra College of Health Technology—IPC, 3046-854 Coimbra, Portugal)

  • Fernanda M. Silva

    (FCDEF-UC, CIDAF, University of Coimbra, 3040-248 Coimbra, Portugal)

  • Márcio Cascante-Rusenhack

    (FCDEF-UC, CIDAF, University of Coimbra, 3040-248 Coimbra, Portugal
    School of Physical Education and Sports, University of Costa Rica (UCR), San José 11501-2060, Costa Rica)

  • Paulo Luís

    (Municipality of Sertã, 6100-738 Sertã, Portugal)

Abstract

Cardiometabolic diseases are one of the primary causes of mortality and morbidity worldwide and sedentary lifestyles are contributing factors to these pathologies. Physical exercise has been recognized as an important tool in the prevention and treatment of these diseases. However, there are still some doubts about the efficacy of certain type of physical exercise programs for older participants. The main goal of this study is to assess the impact of different aquatic-based physical exercise programs on risk markers of cardiometabolic diseases in older people. The study group will consist of non-institutionalized individuals, within the age group of 65 or older. The sample will be randomly divided into four groups, three experimental groups (EG) and one control group (CG). Participants from the EGs will be exposed to three physical aquatic-based exercise programs for a period of 28 weeks (continuous aerobic, interval aerobic and combined). The evaluated parameters include anthropometry, physical functions, mental health, cognitive function, carotid arteries intima-media thickness, heart rate variability and biochemical markers. The results will allow an interpretation of the impact of different aquatic-based physical exercise programs on cardiometabolic diseases markers and can also be used as a tool for professionals to prescribe adequate and more efficient physical exercise programs.

Suggested Citation

  • José Pedro Ferreira & Ana Teixeira & João Serrano & Carlos Farinha & Hélder Santos & Fernanda M. Silva & Márcio Cascante-Rusenhack & Paulo Luís, 2020. "Impact of Aquatic-Based Physical Exercise Programs on Risk Markers of Cardiometabolic Diseases in Older People: A Study Protocol for Randomized-Controlled Trials," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(22), pages 1-11, November.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:17:y:2020:i:22:p:8678-:d:449334
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Mareike Morat & Oliver Faude & Henner Hanssen & Sebastian Ludyga & Jonas Zacher & Angi Eibl & Kirsten Albracht & Lars Donath, 2020. "Agility Training to Integratively Promote Neuromuscular, Cognitive, Cardiovascular and Psychosocial Function in Healthy Older Adults: A Study Protocol of a One-Year Randomized-Controlled Trial," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(6), pages 1-14, March.
    2. Victor Machado Reis, 2020. "Effects of Exercise on Biomarkers in Health and Disease: Some New Insights with Special Focus on Extreme Exercise and Healthy Ageing," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(6), pages 1-5, March.
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    Cited by:

    1. Carlos Farinha & Hélder Santos & João Serrano & Bárbara Oliveiros & Fernanda M. Silva & Márcio Cascante-Rusenhack & Ana Maria Teixeira & José Pedro Ferreira, 2022. "The Impact of Aquatic Exercise Programs on the Intima-Media thickness of the Carotid Arteries, Hemodynamic Parameters, Lipid Profile and Chemokines of Community-Dwelling Older Persons: A Randomized Co," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(6), pages 1-17, March.
    2. Carlos Farinha & Ana Maria Teixeira & João Serrano & Hélder Santos & Maria João Campos & Bárbara Oliveiros & Fernanda M. Silva & Márcio Cascante-Rusenhack & Paulo Luís & José Pedro Ferreira, 2021. "Impact of Different Aquatic Exercise Programs on Body Composition, Functional Fitness and Cognitive Function of Non-Institutionalized Elderly Adults: A Randomized Controlled Trial," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(17), pages 1-15, August.

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