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Psychometric Properties and Reliability of the Referee Self-Efficacy Scale (REFS) in Volleyball Referees

Author

Listed:
  • Pierluigi Diotaiuti

    (Laboratory of Epidemiology, Physical Activity and Lifestyles, Department of Human Sciences, Society and Health, University of Cassino and Southern Lazio, 03043 Cassino, Italy)

  • Lavinia Falese

    (Laboratory of Epidemiology, Physical Activity and Lifestyles, Department of Human Sciences, Society and Health, University of Cassino and Southern Lazio, 03043 Cassino, Italy)

  • Stefania Mancone

    (Laboratory of Epidemiology, Physical Activity and Lifestyles, Department of Human Sciences, Society and Health, University of Cassino and Southern Lazio, 03043 Cassino, Italy)

  • Stefano Corrado

    (Laboratory of Epidemiology, Physical Activity and Lifestyles, Department of Human Sciences, Society and Health, University of Cassino and Southern Lazio, 03043 Cassino, Italy)

  • Luca Mallia

    (Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome “Foro Italico”, 00135 Rome, Italy)

  • Arnaldo Zelli

    (Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome “Foro Italico”, 00135 Rome, Italy)

  • Fabio Lucidi

    (Department of Developmental and Social Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy)

Abstract

Background: Volleyball officials require a combination of qualities, e.g., confidence, decisiveness, courage and mental toughness as very important attributes for their performance. Measurement of the self-efficacy of volleyball referees has not been studied with large samples; therefore, the aim of this study was to fill this gap in the research. Methods: Four-hundred and forty-five international volleyball referees participated in the study fulfilling the referee self-efficacy scale in the English version. Results: The confirmatory analysis verified the four-factor structure of the scale and its reliability in this specific sample of international volleyball referees. ANCOVA revealed a significant effect of the covariate “level of education” for all four dimensions of referees’ self-efficacy. Conclusions: Although English was not the mother tongue for most of the subjects in the sample, the scale was statistically reliable, and the items were easy to understand, thus making the tool very suitable to use for further studies on multilingual referees. The study also suggests enhancing the level of education of the officials because of its significant effect on the perceived self-efficacy during refereeing.

Suggested Citation

  • Pierluigi Diotaiuti & Lavinia Falese & Stefania Mancone & Stefano Corrado & Luca Mallia & Arnaldo Zelli & Fabio Lucidi, 2020. "Psychometric Properties and Reliability of the Referee Self-Efficacy Scale (REFS) in Volleyball Referees," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(22), pages 1-8, November.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:17:y:2020:i:22:p:8423-:d:444838
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    Cited by:

    1. Andrea Poli & Mario Miccoli, 2023. "Validation and Psychometric Properties of the Italian Version of the Unconditional Self-Kindness Scale (USKS)," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(10), pages 1-14, May.

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