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A Review of the Occurrence of Alpha-Emitting Radionuclides in Wild Mushrooms

Author

Listed:
  • Dagmara Strumińska-Parulska

    (Toxicology and Radiation Protection Laboratory, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland)

  • Jerzy Falandysz

    (Environmental Chemistry & Ecotoxicology Laboratory, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland
    Environmental and Computational Chemistry Group, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zaragocilla Campus, University of Cartagena, Cartagena 130015, Colombia
    Jerzy Falandysz is visiting professor at affiliation 3.)

Abstract

Alpha-emitting radioisotopes are the most toxic among all radionuclides. In particular, medium to long-lived isotopes of the heavier metals are of the greatest concern to human health and radiological safety. This review focuses on the most common alpha-emitting radionuclides of natural and anthropogenic origin in wild mushrooms from around the world. Mushrooms bio-accumulate a range of mineral ionic constituents and radioactive elements to different extents, and are therefore considered as suitable bio-indicators of environmental pollution. The available literature indicates that the natural radionuclide 210 Po is accumulated at the highest levels (up to 22 kBq/kg dry weight (dw) in wild mushrooms from Finland), while among synthetic nuclides, the highest levels of up to 53.8 Bq/kg dw of 239+240 Pu were reported in Ukrainian mushrooms. The capacity to retain the activity of individual nuclides varies between mushrooms, which is of particular interest for edible species that are consumed either locally or, in some cases, also traded on an international scale. The effective radiation dose from the ingestion of this food can reportedly range from 0.033 µSv/kg dw to 26.8 mSv/kg and varies depending on the country. Following pollution events, such consumption may expose consumers to highly radiotoxic decay particles produced by alpha emitters.

Suggested Citation

  • Dagmara Strumińska-Parulska & Jerzy Falandysz, 2020. "A Review of the Occurrence of Alpha-Emitting Radionuclides in Wild Mushrooms," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(21), pages 1-20, November.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:17:y:2020:i:21:p:8220-:d:441195
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Christine Samuel-Nakamura & Wendie A. Robbins & Felicia S. Hodge, 2017. "Uranium and Associated Heavy Metals in Ovis aries in a Mining Impacted Area in Northwestern New Mexico," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 14(8), pages 1-17, July.
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    Cited by:

    1. Jerzy Falandysz, 2021. "Nutritional and Other Trace Elements and Their Associations in Raw King Bolete Mushrooms, Boletus edulis," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(1), pages 1-17, December.

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