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Association of Oral Status and Early Primary Hypertension Biomarkers among Children and Adolescents

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  • Elzbieta Paszynska

    (Department of Integrated Dentistry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-812 Poznan, Poland
    Elzbieta Paszynska and Monika Dmitrzak-Weglarz are both the first authors, these authors contributed equally to this work as the first authors.)

  • Monika Dmitrzak-Weglarz

    (Psychiatric Genetics Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-806 Poznan, Poland
    Elzbieta Paszynska and Monika Dmitrzak-Weglarz are both the first authors, these authors contributed equally to this work as the first authors.)

  • Danuta Ostalska-Nowicka

    (Department of Pediatric Nephrology and Hypertension, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-572 Poznan, Poland
    Danuta Ostalska-Nowicka and Michal Nowicki are both the second authors, these authors contributed equally to this work as the second authors.)

  • Michal Nowicki

    (Department of Histology and Embryology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-781 Poznan, Poland
    Danuta Ostalska-Nowicka and Michal Nowicki are both the second authors, these authors contributed equally to this work as the second authors.)

  • Maria Gawriolek

    (Department of Integrated Dentistry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-812 Poznan, Poland)

  • Jacek Zachwieja

    (Department of Pediatric Nephrology and Hypertension, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-572 Poznan, Poland)

Abstract

The aim of this case–control study was the evaluation of the association between biomarkers of early primary arterial hypertension (HA) and oral diseases among children and adolescents. Material and methods. Subjects suspected of primary HA (n = 180) underwent a complex evaluation of their vascular status: blood pressure, heart rate, vascular stiffness, sympathetic activity in a 24 h ambulatory examination, followed by measurement of serum uric acid (UA), cystatin C, and creatinine. This procedure allowed the identification of children with primary (n = 58) and secondary HA (n = 74), as well as of children with normal arterial blood pressure, who served as a control group (n = 48). All subjects with secondary HA were excluded from further investigation. Oral examination included the measurement of caries intensity (using the decayed, missing, filled index for permanent teeth DMFT /primary teeth dmft), bacterial plaque (by the plaque control record index, PCR%), and gingivitis (by the bleeding on probing index, BOP%). For statistical analysis, a linear regression model and Spearman rank correlation were used. Results. UA, cystatin C, and creatinine were not altered in the HA group. However, the number of decayed permanent teeth (DT) and the DMFT, PCR%, and BOP% indexes were significantly higher in the primary HA group compared to the control group ( p = 0.0006; p = 0.02; p = 0.0009; p = 0.003). Our results are not sufficient to prove the important role of caries and gingival inflammation in the modulation of HA symptoms, although they prove the association of oral diseases with primary HA symptoms. This may indicate future strategies for preventive measures for hypertensive children and adolescents.

Suggested Citation

  • Elzbieta Paszynska & Monika Dmitrzak-Weglarz & Danuta Ostalska-Nowicka & Michal Nowicki & Maria Gawriolek & Jacek Zachwieja, 2020. "Association of Oral Status and Early Primary Hypertension Biomarkers among Children and Adolescents," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(21), pages 1-10, October.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:17:y:2020:i:21:p:7981-:d:437431
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Aneta Weres & Joanna Baran & Ewelina Czenczek-Lewandowska & Justyna Leszczak & Artur Mazur, 2019. "Impact of Birth Weight and Length on Primary Hypertension in Children," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(23), pages 1-9, November.
    2. Elzbieta Paszynska & Monika Dmitrzak-Węglarz & Aleksandra Perczak & Maria Gawriolek & Tomasz Hanć & Ewa Bryl & Paula Mamrot & Agata Dutkiewicz & Magdalena Roszak & Marta Tyszkiewicz-Nwafor & Agnieszka, 2020. "Excessive Weight Gain and Dental Caries Experience among Children Affected by ADHD," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(16), pages 1-12, August.
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    Cited by:

    1. Alexandra Mihaela Stoica & Csinszka Andrea Kovacs-Ivacson & Oana Elena Stoica & Liana Beresescu & Monica Monea, 2022. "Clinical and Pathological Manifestation of the Oral Mucosa in Institutionalized Children from Romania," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(23), pages 1-12, November.
    2. Iole Vozza, 2021. "Oral Prevention and Management of Oral Healthcare," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(4), pages 1-3, February.

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