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Maternal Ferritin Levels during Pregnancy and ADHD Symptoms in 4-Year-Old Children: Results from the INMA–INfancia y Medio Ambiente (Environment and Childhood) Prospective Birth Cohort Study

Author

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  • Loreto Santa-Marina

    (Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, C/Monforte de Lemos 3–5, 28029 Madrid, Spain
    Biodonostia, Epidemiology and Public Health Area, Environmental Epidemiology and Child Development Group, 20014 San Sebastian, Spain
    Public Health Division of Gipuzkoa, Basque Government, 20013 San Sebastian, Spain)

  • Nerea Lertxundi

    (Biodonostia, Epidemiology and Public Health Area, Environmental Epidemiology and Child Development Group, 20014 San Sebastian, Spain
    Faculty of Psychology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Avenida Tolosa 70, 20018 San Sebastian, Spain)

  • Ainara Andiarena

    (Biodonostia, Epidemiology and Public Health Area, Environmental Epidemiology and Child Development Group, 20014 San Sebastian, Spain
    Faculty of Psychology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Avenida Tolosa 70, 20018 San Sebastian, Spain)

  • Amaia Irizar

    (Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, C/Monforte de Lemos 3–5, 28029 Madrid, Spain
    Biodonostia, Epidemiology and Public Health Area, Environmental Epidemiology and Child Development Group, 20014 San Sebastian, Spain
    Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Barrio Sarriena s/n, 48940 Leioa, Spain)

  • Jordi Sunyer

    (Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, C/Monforte de Lemos 3–5, 28029 Madrid, Spain
    Hospital del Mar Research Institute, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
    ISGlobal—Instituto de Salud Global de Barcelona–Campus MAR, PRBB, 08003 Barcelona, Spain)

  • Amaia Molinuevo

    (Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, C/Monforte de Lemos 3–5, 28029 Madrid, Spain)

  • Sabrina Llop

    (Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, C/Monforte de Lemos 3–5, 28029 Madrid, Spain
    Epidemiology and Environmental Health Joint Research Unit, FISABIO–Universitat Jaume I–Universitat de València, 08003 València, Spain)

  • Jordi Julvez

    (Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, C/Monforte de Lemos 3–5, 28029 Madrid, Spain
    ISGlobal—Instituto de Salud Global de Barcelona–Campus MAR, PRBB, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
    Institut d′Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Hospital Universitari Sant Joan de Reus, 43204 Reus, Spain)

  • Andrea Beneito

    (Epidemiology and Environmental Health Joint Research Unit, FISABIO–Universitat Jaume I–Universitat de València, 08003 València, Spain)

  • Jesús Ibarluzea

    (Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, C/Monforte de Lemos 3–5, 28029 Madrid, Spain
    Biodonostia, Epidemiology and Public Health Area, Environmental Epidemiology and Child Development Group, 20014 San Sebastian, Spain
    Public Health Division of Gipuzkoa, Basque Government, 20013 San Sebastian, Spain
    Faculty of Psychology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Avenida Tolosa 70, 20018 San Sebastian, Spain)

  • Liher Imaz

    (Public Health Division of Gipuzkoa, Basque Government, 20013 San Sebastian, Spain
    Biodonostia, Epidemiology and Public Health Area, Epidemiology of Chronic and Communicable Diseases Group, 20014 San Sebastian, Spain)

  • Maite Ferrin

    (Haringey Child and Adolescent Mental Health Service, Barnet, Enfield and Haringey NHS Mental Health Trust, London N15 3TH, UK
    Recognition Health, London W1G 9RU, UK)

Abstract

Ferritin status during prenatal brain development may influence the risk of attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms in childhood. We investigated the association of maternal ferritin in pregnancy and ADHD-like symptoms in offspring. A total of 1095 mother-child pairs from three birth cohorts of the INMA Project (Spain) were studied. Maternal plasma ferritin in pregnancy was measured at 11.57 weeks of gestation. Children′s ADHD-like symptoms at ages 4–5 years were assessed using the ADHD Rating Scale-IV. The count model of the zero-inflated Poisson regression model showed a significant inverse association between ferritin (continuous variable) and inattention, β = −0.19 (−0.32, −0.07), for boys. Comparing ferritin level by tertile, significant differences were observed between the first tertile (1.98, 20.92) and the second (20.92, 38.79) and third (38.79, 216.5) (μg/L) tertiles. The number of symptoms was lower for those in the third tertile, β = −0.3 (−0.55, −0.5), and for those in the second one, β = −0.37 (−0.6, −0.14). The model stratification by sex also showed this inverse association for boys only, β = −0.21 (−0.34, −0.08). No associations were found between ferritin level and hyperactivity or total ADHD symptoms. High ferritin levels during pregnancy show a protective association with child inattentive-type ADHD symptoms.

Suggested Citation

  • Loreto Santa-Marina & Nerea Lertxundi & Ainara Andiarena & Amaia Irizar & Jordi Sunyer & Amaia Molinuevo & Sabrina Llop & Jordi Julvez & Andrea Beneito & Jesús Ibarluzea & Liher Imaz & Maite Ferrin, 2020. "Maternal Ferritin Levels during Pregnancy and ADHD Symptoms in 4-Year-Old Children: Results from the INMA–INfancia y Medio Ambiente (Environment and Childhood) Prospective Birth Cohort Study," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(21), pages 1-17, October.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:17:y:2020:i:21:p:7704-:d:432750
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Yan Wang & Lan Huang & Li Zhang & Yi Qu & Dezhi Mu, 2017. "Iron Status in Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 12(1), pages 1-14, January.
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    Cited by:

    1. Diana Arabiat & Mohammad AL Jabery & Vivien Kemp & Mark Jenkins & Lisa C. Whitehead & Gary Adams, 2021. "Motor Developmental Outcomes in Children Exposed to Maternal Diabetes during Pregnancy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(4), pages 1-24, February.

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