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Survival and Estimation of Direct Medical Costs of Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

Author

Listed:
  • Anas A. Khan

    (Department of Emergency Medicine, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Global Center for Mass Gatherings Medicine, Ministry of Health, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
    The first two authors contributed equally to this work.)

  • Yazed AlRuthia

    (Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2454, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
    Pharmacoeconomics Research Unit, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2454, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
    The first two authors contributed equally to this work.)

  • Bander Balkhi

    (Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2454, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
    Pharmacoeconomics Research Unit, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2454, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia)

  • Sultan M. Alghadeer

    (Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2454, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia)

  • Mohamad-Hani Temsah

    (College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
    Department of Pediatrics, King Saud University Medical City, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia)

  • Saqer M. Althunayyan

    (Department of Accident and Trauma, Prince Sultan Bin Abdulaziz College for Emergency Medical Services, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia)

  • Yousef M. Alsofayan

    (Global Center for Mass Gatherings Medicine, Ministry of Health, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia)

Abstract

Objectives: Assess the survival of hospitalized coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients across age groups, sex, use of mechanical ventilators (MVs), nationality, and intensive care unit (ICU) admission in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Methods: Data were retrieved from the Saudi Ministry of Health (MoH) between 1 March and 29 May 2020. Kaplan–Meier (KM) analyses and multiple Cox proportional-hazards regression were conducted to assess the survival of hospitalized COVID-19 patients from hospital admission to discharge (censored) or death. Micro-costing was used to estimate the direct medical costs associated with hospitalization per patient. Results: The number of included patients with complete status (discharge or death) was 1422. The overall 14-day survival was 0.699 (95%CI: 0.652–0.741). Older adults (>70 years) (HR = 5.00, 95%CI = 2.83–8.91), patients on MVs (5.39, 3.83–7.64), non-Saudi patients (1.37, 1.01–1.89), and ICU admission (2.09, 1.49–2.93) were associated with a high risk of mortality. The mean cost per patient (in SAR) for those admitted to the general Medical Ward (GMW) and ICU was 42,704.49 ± 29,811.25 and 79,418.30 ± 55,647.69, respectively. Conclusion: The high hospitalization costs for COVID-19 patients represents a significant public health challenge. Efficient allocation of healthcare resources cannot be emphasized enough.

Suggested Citation

  • Anas A. Khan & Yazed AlRuthia & Bander Balkhi & Sultan M. Alghadeer & Mohamad-Hani Temsah & Saqer M. Althunayyan & Yousef M. Alsofayan, 2020. "Survival and Estimation of Direct Medical Costs of Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(20), pages 1-12, October.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:17:y:2020:i:20:p:7458-:d:427504
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    Citations

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    Cited by:

    1. Mihai Popescu & Oana Mara Ştefan & Mihai Ştefan & Liana Văleanu & Dana Tomescu, 2022. "ICU-Associated Costs during the Fourth Wave of the COVID-19 Pandemic in a Tertiary Hospital in a Low-Vaccinated Eastern European Country," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(3), pages 1-11, February.
    2. Antonio Lopez-Villegas & Rafael Jesus Bautista-Mesa & Pedro Acosta-Robles & David Hidalgo-Serrano & Francisco Javier Aguirre-Ortega & Miguel Angel Castellano-Ortega & Maria Marta Mollo & Cesar Leal-Co, 2022. "Analysis of Healthcare Costs Incurred in Regional Hospitals in Andalusia (Spain) during the COVID-19 Pandemic," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(23), pages 1-11, December.

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