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Analysis of Fall Risk Factors in an Aging Population Living in Long-Term Care Institutions in SPAIN: A Retrospective Cohort Study

Author

Listed:
  • Lourdes Bujalance Díaz

    (Departament of Physiotherapy, DomusVi Remedios Center, Avda. Córdoba, 98, Aguilar de la Frontera, 14920 Córdoba, Spain
    Equal contributions.)

  • María Jesús Casuso-Holgado

    (Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Nursing, Physiotherapy and Podiatry, University of Sevilla, C/Avicena s/n, 41009 Seville, Spain
    Equal contributions.)

  • María Teresa Labajos-Manzanares

    (Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Malaga, Arquitecto Francisco Peñalosa 3, Ampliación de Campus de Teatinos, 29071 Malaga, Spain)

  • Francisco Javier Barón-López

    (Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Malaga, Arquitecto Francisco Peñalosa 3, Ampliación de Campus de Teatinos, 29071 Malaga, Spain)

  • Elena Pinero-Pinto

    (Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Nursing, Physiotherapy and Podiatry, University of Sevilla, C/Avicena s/n, 41009 Seville, Spain)

  • Rita Pilar Romero-Galisteo

    (Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Malaga, Arquitecto Francisco Peñalosa 3, Ampliación de Campus de Teatinos, 29071 Malaga, Spain)

  • Noelia Moreno-Morales

    (Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Malaga, Arquitecto Francisco Peñalosa 3, Ampliación de Campus de Teatinos, 29071 Malaga, Spain)

Abstract

Falls in the elderly are associated with morbidity and mortality. Research about fall risk factors in Spanish care facilities is scarce. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of falls among residents living in long-term care Spanish institutions and to identify fall risk factors in this population. A nationwide retrospective cohort study was conducted in 113 centers. Persons over 70 years old who were living in a residential setting for at least 1 year were included. Simple and multiple regression analyses were conducted to estimate the associations between the main clinical variables registered in the databases and the presence of falls. A total of 2849 subjects were analyzed (mean age 85.21 years). The period prevalence of fallers in the last 12 months was 45.3%, with a proportion of recurrent fallers of 51.7%. The presence of falls was associated with lower Tinetti Scale scores (OR = 1.597, 95% CI: 1.280, 1.991; OR = 1.362, 95% CI: 1.134, 1.635), severe or moderate cognitive impairment (OR= 1.992, 95% CI: 1.472, 2.695; OR = 1.507, 95% CI: 1.231, 1.845, respectively), and polypharmacy (OR = 1.291, 95% CI: 1.039, 1.604). Fall prevention interventions should focus on the prevention of balance and cognitive deterioration and the improvement of these functions when possible. It should also focus on a periodical medication history revision aiming to avoid inappropriate prescriptions.

Suggested Citation

  • Lourdes Bujalance Díaz & María Jesús Casuso-Holgado & María Teresa Labajos-Manzanares & Francisco Javier Barón-López & Elena Pinero-Pinto & Rita Pilar Romero-Galisteo & Noelia Moreno-Morales, 2020. "Analysis of Fall Risk Factors in an Aging Population Living in Long-Term Care Institutions in SPAIN: A Retrospective Cohort Study," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(19), pages 1-10, October.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:17:y:2020:i:19:p:7234-:d:423311
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Magdalena Sylwia Kamińska & Jacek Brodowski & Beata Karakiewicz, 2015. "Fall Risk Factors in Community-Dwelling Elderly Depending on Their Physical Function, Cognitive Status and Symptoms of Depression," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 12(4), pages 1-11, March.
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    Cited by:

    1. Victoire Leroy & Valérie Martinet & Oumashankar Nunkessore & Christel Dentel & Hélène Durand & David Mockler & François Puisieux & Bertrand Fougère & Yaohua Chen, 2023. "The Nebulous Association between Cognitive Impairment and Falls in Older Adults: A Systematic Review of the Literature," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(3), pages 1-16, February.

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