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Soil from an Abandoned Manganese Mining Area (Hunan, China): Significance of Health Risk from Potentially Toxic Element Pollution and Its Spatial Context

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  • Xin Luo

    (Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Shale Gas Resource Exploitation, Xiangtan 411201, China
    School of Civil Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan 411201, China)

  • Bozhi Ren

    (Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Shale Gas Resource Exploitation, Xiangtan 411201, China
    School of Civil Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan 411201, China)

  • Andrew S. Hursthouse

    (Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Shale Gas Resource Exploitation, Xiangtan 411201, China
    School of Computing Engineering & Physical Sciences, University of the West of Scotland, Paisley PA1 2BE, UK)

  • Jonathan R. M. Thacker

    (School of Health & Life Sciences, University of the West of Scotland, Paisley PA1 2BE, UK)

  • Zhenghua Wang

    (Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Shale Gas Resource Exploitation, Xiangtan 411201, China
    School of Civil Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan 411201, China)

Abstract

This study assessed the significance and potential impact of potentially toxic element (PTE) (i.e., Mn, Pb, Cu, Zn, Cr, Cd, and Ni) pollution in the surface soil from an abandoned manganese mining area in Xiangtan City, Hunan Province, China, on the health of residents. The risks were sequentially evaluated using a series of protocols including: the geo-accumulation index (I geo ), pollution load index (PLI), potential ecological risk index (RI), and implications for human health from external exposures using the hazard quotient (HQ), hazard index (HI) and carcinogenic risk (CR). The results revealed that Mn and Cd were the major pollutants in the soil samples. The ecological risk assessment identified moderate risks, which were mainly derived from Cd (82.91%). The results of the health risk assessment revealed that generally across the area, the non-carcinogenic risk was insignificant, and the carcinogenic risk was at an acceptable level. However, due to local spatial fluctuation, some of the sites presented a non-carcinogenic risk to children. The soil ingestion pathway is the main route of exposure through both non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risks, with Mn being the major contributor to non-carcinogenic risk, with Cr and Cd the major contributors to carcinogenic risk. In addition, three pollution sources were identified through the Pearson correlation coefficient and principal component analysis (PCA), which included: a. mining activities and emissions from related transportation; b. natural background; c. agricultural management practices and municipal sewage discharge. The study provides information on the effects of spatial variation for the development of the abandoned mining areas and a useful approach to the prioritization of locations for the development and utilization of soil in these areas in China.

Suggested Citation

  • Xin Luo & Bozhi Ren & Andrew S. Hursthouse & Jonathan R. M. Thacker & Zhenghua Wang, 2020. "Soil from an Abandoned Manganese Mining Area (Hunan, China): Significance of Health Risk from Potentially Toxic Element Pollution and Its Spatial Context," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(18), pages 1-15, September.
  • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:17:y:2020:i:18:p:6554-:d:410941
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Feng Jiang & Bozhi Ren & Andrew S. Hursthouse & Yingying Zhou, 2018. "Trace Metal Pollution in Topsoil Surrounding the Xiangtan Manganese Mine Area (South-Central China): Source Identification, Spatial Distribution and Assessment of Potential Ecological Risks," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 15(11), pages 1-16, October.
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    Cited by:

    1. Liang Xiao & Yong Zhou & He Huang & Yu-Jie Liu & Ke Li & Meng-Yao Li & Yang Tian & Fei Wu, 2020. "Application of Geostatistical Analysis and Random Forest for Source Analysis and Human Health Risk Assessment of Potentially Toxic Elements (PTEs) in Arable Land Soil," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(24), pages 1-19, December.
    2. Giorgi Gventsadze & Giorgi Ghambashidze & Zaur Chankseliani & Ioseb Sarjveladze & Winfried E. H. Blum, 2024. "Impacts of Crop-Specific Agricultural Practices on the Accumulation of Heavy Metals in Soil in Kvemo Kartli Region (Georgia): A Preliminary Assessment," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 16(10), pages 1-24, May.
    3. Fangcai Zhu & Zhijia Yang & Qing Liu & Yanlin Zhao & Binbin Wu & Shaolong Zhang & Qi Chen & Yifan Chen & Rui Luo, 2023. "Experimental Study on Pile Load Transfer Considering Rice Stone Filled-In Gaps between Steel Drive Pipe and Pile Casing in Karst Region," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(20), pages 1-17, October.
    4. Jaskaran Kaur & Sartaj Ahmad Bhat & Navdeep Singh & Sandip Singh Bhatti & Varinder Kaur & Jatinder Kaur Katnoria, 2022. "Assessment of the Heavy Metal Contamination of Roadside Soils Alongside Buddha Nullah, Ludhiana, (Punjab) India," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(3), pages 1-24, January.
    5. Zhao Liu & Ye Kuang & Shengtao Lan & Wenjia Cao & Ziqi Yan & Li Chen & Qianlong Chen & Qi Feng & Hong Zhou, 2021. "Pollution Distribution of Potentially Toxic Elements in a Karstic River Affected by Manganese Mining in Changyang, Western Hubei, Central China," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(4), pages 1-15, February.

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