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Development and Implementation of Societal Influences Survey Questionnaire (SISQ) for Peoples during COVID-19 Pandemic: A Validity and Reliability Analysis

Author

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  • Dian-Jeng Li

    (Kaohsiung Municipal Kai-Syuan Psychiatric Hospital, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
    Department of Nursing, Meiho University, Pingtung 91200, Taiwan)

  • Wei-Tsung Kao

    (Kaohsiung Municipal Kai-Syuan Psychiatric Hospital, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan)

  • Vincent Shieh

    (Graduate Institute of Gender Education, National Kaohsiung Normal University, Kaohsiung 80201, Taiwan)

  • Frank Huang-Chih Chou

    (Kaohsiung Municipal Kai-Syuan Psychiatric Hospital, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan)

  • Huei-Wen Angela Lo

    (Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan)

Abstract

The emergence of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) had rapidly spread since FEB/MAR 2020. Policy to prevent transmission of COVDI-19 resulted in multi-dimensional impact on social interaction. We aimed to develop a beneficial survey tool with favorable quality and availability, the Societal Influences Survey Questionnaire (SISQ), to evaluate social influences on people during this pandemic. The SISQ was developed with 15 items and 4-point Likert scales consisting of five factors. These include social distance, social anxiety, social desirability, social information, and social adaptation. Construct validity and reliability were performed to verify the SISQ. A total of 1912 Taiwanese were recruited. The results demonstrated that the SISQ has acceptable reliability, with Cronbach’s alphas ranging between 0.57 and 0.76. The SISQ accounted for 58.86% and satisfied the requirement of Kaiser–Mayer–Olkinvalues (0.78) and significant Bartlett’s Test of sphericity. Moreover, the confirmatory factor analysis fit indices also indicated the adequacy of the model. As for multiple comparison, females scored higher than males in factor of social distance. Unemployed participants and those without partners scored higher in several domains of factors. The survey method and survey instrument prove reliable and valuable, also providing different categories of assessment results regarding social influences and their impacts. Further studies are warranted to extend the applicability of SISQ.

Suggested Citation

  • Dian-Jeng Li & Wei-Tsung Kao & Vincent Shieh & Frank Huang-Chih Chou & Huei-Wen Angela Lo, 2020. "Development and Implementation of Societal Influences Survey Questionnaire (SISQ) for Peoples during COVID-19 Pandemic: A Validity and Reliability Analysis," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(17), pages 1-13, August.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:17:y:2020:i:17:p:6246-:d:405123
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Coibion, Olivier & Gorodnichenko, Yuriy & Weber, Michael, 2020. "Labor Markets During the Covid-19 Crisis: A Preliminary View," Department of Economics, Working Paper Series qt7rx7t91p, Department of Economics, Institute for Business and Economic Research, UC Berkeley.
    2. Lee, Sing & Chan, Lydia Y.Y. & Chau, Annie M.Y. & Kwok, Kathleen P.S. & Kleinman, Arthur, 2005. "The experience of SARS-related stigma at Amoy Gardens," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 61(9), pages 2038-2046, November.
    3. Dian-Jeng Li & Nai-Ying Ko & Yi-Lung Chen & Peng-Wei Wang & Yu-Ping Chang & Cheng-Fang Yen & Wei-Hsin Lu, 2020. "COVID-19-Related Factors Associated with Sleep Disturbance and Suicidal Thoughts among the Taiwanese Public: A Facebook Survey," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(12), pages 1-12, June.
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    1. Kuan-Ying Hsieh & Dian-Jeng Li & Frank Huang-Chih Chou & Su-Ting Hsu & Hui-Ching Wu & Li-Shiu Chou & Pei-Jhen Wu & Guei-Ging Lin & Wei-Jen Chen & Chin-Lien Liu & Joh-Jong Huang, 2022. "Relationship of Societal Adaptation with Vaccine Worries among Healthcare Workers during the COVID-19 Pandemic: The Mediating Effects of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(15), pages 1-12, August.
    2. Dian-Jeng Li & Su-Ting Hsu & Frank Huang-Chih Chou & Li-Shiu Chou & Kuan-Ying Hsieh & Wei-Tsung Kao & Guei-Ging Lin & Wei-Jen Chen & Che-Hun Liao & Joh-Jong Huang, 2021. "Predictors for Depression, Sleep Disturbance, and Subjective Pain among Inpatients with Depressive Disorders during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross-Sectional Study," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(12), pages 1-12, June.

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