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Effects of Virtual Reality versus Exercise on Pain, Functional, Somatosensory and Psychosocial Outcomes in Patients with Non-specific Chronic Neck Pain: A Randomized Clinical Trial

Author

Listed:
  • David Morales Tejera

    (Escuela Internacional de Doctorado, Department of Physical Therapy, Occupational Therapy, Rehabilitation and Physical Medicine, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, 28032 Alcorcón, Spain
    Departamento de Fisioterapia, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Madrid 28008, Spain)

  • Hector Beltran-Alacreu

    (Departamento de Fisioterapia, Centro Superior de Estudios Universitarios La Salle, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28043 Madrid, Spain
    CranioSpain Research Group, Centro Superior de Estudios Universitarios La Salle, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28043 Madrid, Spain)

  • Roberto Cano-de-la-Cuerda

    (Department of Physical Therapy, Occupational Therapy, Rehabilitation and Physical Medicine. Rey Juan Carlos University, 28922 Madrid, Spain)

  • Jose Vicente Leon Hernández

    (Departamento de Fisioterapia, Centro Superior de Estudios Universitarios La Salle, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28043 Madrid, Spain
    Motion in Brains Research Group, Institute of Neuroscience and Sciences of the Movement (INCIMOV), Centro Superior de Estudios Universitarios La Salle, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28043 Madrid, Spain)

  • Aitor Martín-Pintado-Zugasti

    (Departamento de Fisioterapia, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Madrid 28008, Spain)

  • César Calvo-Lobo

    (Facultad de Enfermería, Fisioterapia y Podología, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain)

  • Alfonso Gil-Martínez

    (CranioSpain Research Group, Centro Superior de Estudios Universitarios La Salle, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28043 Madrid, Spain
    Unit of Physiotherapy, Hospital La Paz Institute for Health Research, IdiPAZ, 28029 Madrid, Spain)

  • Josué Fernández-Carnero

    (CranioSpain Research Group, Centro Superior de Estudios Universitarios La Salle, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28043 Madrid, Spain
    Department of Physical Therapy, Occupational Therapy, Rehabilitation and Physical Medicine. Rey Juan Carlos University, 28922 Madrid, Spain
    Motion in Brains Research Group, Institute of Neuroscience and Sciences of the Movement (INCIMOV), Centro Superior de Estudios Universitarios La Salle, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28043 Madrid, Spain
    Unit of Physiotherapy, Hospital La Paz Institute for Health Research, IdiPAZ, 28029 Madrid, Spain)

Abstract

Background : Virtual reality (VR) applied to patients with neck pain is a promising intervention to produce positive effects when used alone or combined with exercise. Therefore, the objective of this manuscript is to compare the effects of VR versus exercise treatment on pain intensity, conditioned pain modulation (CPM), temporal summation (TS) and functional and somatosensory outcomes in patients with non-specific chronic neck pain (NS-CNP). Methods : A single-blinded, randomized clinical trial was carried out. A total sample of 44 patients with NS-CNP was randomized into a VR treatment group or neck exercises group. The intervention consisted of two treatment sessions per week, for four weeks and eight sessions. Four measurement moments (at baseline, immediately, 1 month, and 3 months after intervention) were considered. Pain intensity, CPM, TS, functional and somatosensory outcomes were measured. Results : Statistically significant differences were revealed for time factor (F = 16.40, p < 0.01, η p 2 = 0.28) and group*time interaction for kinesiophobia (F = 3.89, p = 0.01, η p 2 = 0.08) showing post-hoc differences in favor of the VR group at 3 months ( p < 0.05, d = 0.65). Significant effects were shown for time factor ( p < 0.05) but not for the group*time interaction ( p > 0.05) for pain intensity, rotation range of motion (ROM), Neck Disability Index, pain catastrophizing, fear-avoidance beliefs, left side pressure pain threshold (PPT) and anxiety. Statistically significant differences were not found for time factor ( p > 0.05) and neither in group*time interaction ( p > 0.05) for CPM, TS, right side PPT, flexo-extension and lateral-flexion ROM. Conclusions : Kinesiophobia was the only outcome that showed differences between VR and exercise at 3 months. Nevertheless, pain intensity, CPM, TS, ROM, neck disability, pain catastrophizing, fear-avoidance beliefs, PPT and anxiety did not show differences between both interventions.

Suggested Citation

  • David Morales Tejera & Hector Beltran-Alacreu & Roberto Cano-de-la-Cuerda & Jose Vicente Leon Hernández & Aitor Martín-Pintado-Zugasti & César Calvo-Lobo & Alfonso Gil-Martínez & Josué Fernández-Carne, 2020. "Effects of Virtual Reality versus Exercise on Pain, Functional, Somatosensory and Psychosocial Outcomes in Patients with Non-specific Chronic Neck Pain: A Randomized Clinical Trial," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(16), pages 1-19, August.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:17:y:2020:i:16:p:5950-:d:399805
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Kenneth F Schulz & Douglas G Altman & David Moher & for the CONSORT Group, 2010. "CONSORT 2010 Statement: Updated Guidelines for Reporting Parallel Group Randomised Trials," PLOS Medicine, Public Library of Science, vol. 7(3), pages 1-7, March.
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    Cited by:

    1. Simone Grassini, 2022. "Virtual Reality Assisted Non-Pharmacological Treatments in Chronic Pain Management: A Systematic Review and Quantitative Meta-Analysis," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(7), pages 1-15, March.

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