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Sepsis-Associated Brain Dysfunction: A Review of Current Literature

Author

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  • Piotr F. Czempik

    (Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Medyków 14, 40-752 Katowice, Poland)

  • Michał P. Pluta

    (St. Barbara’s Memorial Hospital No. 5 Trauma Center, Plac Medyków 1, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland
    Students’ Scientific Society, Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Medyków 14, 40-752 Katowice, Poland;)

  • Łukasz J. Krzych

    (Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Medyków 14, 40-752 Katowice, Poland)

Abstract

Sepsis-associated brain dysfunction (SABD) may be the most common type of encephalopathy in critically ill patients. SABD develops in up to 70% of septic patients and represents the most frequent organ insufficiency associated with sepsis. It presents with a plethora of acute neurological features and may have several serious long-term psychiatric consequences. SABD might cause various pathological changes in the brain through numerous mechanisms. Clinical neurological examination is the basic screening method for SABD, although it may be challenging in subjects receiving with opioids and sedative agents. As electrographic seizures and periodic discharges might be present in 20% of septic patients, screening with electroencephalography (EEG) might be useful. Several imaging techniques have been suggested for non-invasive assessment of structure and function of the brain in SABD patients; however, their usefulness is rather limited. Although several experimental therapies have been postulated, at the moment, no specific treatment exists. Clinicians should focus on preventive measures and optimal management of sepsis. This review discusses epidemiology, clinical presentation, pathology, pathophysiology, diagnosis, management, and prevention of SABD.

Suggested Citation

  • Piotr F. Czempik & Michał P. Pluta & Łukasz J. Krzych, 2020. "Sepsis-Associated Brain Dysfunction: A Review of Current Literature," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(16), pages 1-9, August.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:17:y:2020:i:16:p:5852-:d:398078
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Piotr F. Czempik & Jakub Gąsiorek & Aleksandra Bąk & Łukasz J. Krzych, 2020. "Ultrasonic Assessment of Optic Nerve Sheath Diameter in Patients at Risk of Sepsis-Associated Brain Dysfunction: A Preliminary Report," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(10), pages 1-6, May.
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