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The Role of Mangroves in the Retention of Heavy Metal (Chromium): A Simulation Study in the Thi Vai River Catchment, Vietnam

Author

Listed:
  • Anh Nguyen

    (Institute for Environment and Resources, Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City, 142 To Hien Thanh, District 10, Ho Chi Minh City 72506, Vietnam)

  • Bao V.Q Le

    (Institute for Environment and Resources, Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City, 142 To Hien Thanh, District 10, Ho Chi Minh City 72506, Vietnam)

  • Otto Richter

    (Institute of Geoecology, Technical University of Braunschweig, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany)

Abstract

In this study, chromium (Cr) retention by the mangroves in the Thi Vai catchment located in the south of Vietnam was simulated using a coupled model of the hydrodynamic model Delft3D with Cr transport and a model for the uptake of Cr by mangroves. This coupled model was calibrated and validated using data from four hydrodynamic stations and data from phytoremediation studies. To analyze the effect of mangroves on reducing Cr pollution, three scenarios were run by the model. Scenario 1 (SC1) is based on the actual situation concerning discharges and the distribution of mangroves. Scenario 2 (SC2) simulates the deterioration of the actual situation by deforestation on the west bank and the establishment of more industrial zones on the east bank. Scenario 3 (SC3) simulates an eco-friendly development comprising the channeling of wastewater through constructed wetlands with mangroves prior to the discharge into the river. Simulation results showed that the total Cr uptake by mangroves in SC3 was higher than in the other two scenarios. In total, 33 kg Cr in water were absorbed by the constructed wetlands in SC3 within one month. The simulation results helped in overcoming the difficulties and challenges in assessing the capacity of mangrove forests on the retention of chromium at catchment scale.

Suggested Citation

  • Anh Nguyen & Bao V.Q Le & Otto Richter, 2020. "The Role of Mangroves in the Retention of Heavy Metal (Chromium): A Simulation Study in the Thi Vai River Catchment, Vietnam," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(16), pages 1-22, August.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:17:y:2020:i:16:p:5823-:d:397697
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    Cited by:

    1. Anh Nguyen & Otto Richter & Bao V.Q. Le & Nguyen Thi Kim Phuong & Kim Chi Dinh, 2020. "Long-Term Heavy Metal Retention by Mangroves and Effect on Its Growth: A Field Inventory and Scenario Simulation," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(23), pages 1-24, December.
    2. Jefferson Brooks & Ana Rivera & Miguel Chen Austin & Nathalia Tejedor-Flores, 2022. "A Machine Learning-Based Approach to Estimate Energy Flows of the Mangrove Forest: The Case of Panama Bay," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(1), pages 1-20, December.

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