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Lysine Deprivation during Maternal Consumption of Low-Protein Diets Could Adversely Affect Early Embryo Development and Health in Adulthood

Author

Listed:
  • Lon J. Van Winkle

    (Department of Biochemistry, Midwestern University, Downers Grove, IL 60515, USA
    Department of Medical Humanities, Rocky Vista University, 8401 S. Chambers Road, Parker, CO 80134, USA)

  • Vasiliy Galat

    (Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Stanley Manne Children’s Research Institute and the Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60209, USA)

  • Philip M. Iannaccone

    (Departments of Pediatrics and Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine and the Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60209, USA)

Abstract

The conversion of lysine to glutamate is needed for signaling in all plants and animals. In mouse embryonic stem (mES) cells, and probably their progenitors, endogenous glutamate production and signaling help maintain cellular pluripotency and proliferation, although the source of glutamate is yet to be determined. If the source of glutamate is lysine, then lysine deprivation caused by maternal low-protein diets could alter early embryo development and, consequently, the health of the offspring in adulthood. For these reasons, we measured three pertinent variables in human embryonic stem (hES) cells as a model for the inner cell masses of human blastocysts. We found that RNA encoding the alpha-aminoadipic semialdehyde synthase enzyme, which regulates glutamate production from lysine, was highly expressed in hES cells. Moreover, the mean amount of lysine consumed by hES cells was 50% greater than the mean amount of glutamate they produced, indicating that lysine is likely converted to glutamate in these cells. Finally, hES cells expressed RNA encoding at least two glutamate receptors. Since this may also be the case for hES progenitor cells in blastocysts, further studies are warranted to verify the presence of this signaling process in hES cells and to determine whether lysine deprivation alters early mammalian embryo development.

Suggested Citation

  • Lon J. Van Winkle & Vasiliy Galat & Philip M. Iannaccone, 2020. "Lysine Deprivation during Maternal Consumption of Low-Protein Diets Could Adversely Affect Early Embryo Development and Health in Adulthood," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(15), pages 1-9, July.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:17:y:2020:i:15:p:5462-:d:391431
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    Citations

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    Cited by:

    1. Tom P. Fleming & Congshan Sun & Oleg Denisenko & Laura Caetano & Anan Aljahdali & Joanna M. Gould & Pooja Khurana, 2021. "Environmental Exposures around Conception: Developmental Pathways Leading to Lifetime Disease Risk," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(17), pages 1-19, September.
    2. Lon J. Van Winkle, 2022. "Perspective: Might Maternal Dietary Monosodium Glutamate (MSG) Consumption Impact Pre- and Peri-Implantation Embryos and Their Subsequent Development?," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(20), pages 1-8, October.
    3. Rebecca Jean Ryznar & Lacie Phibbs & Lon J. Van Winkle, 2021. "Epigenetic Modifications at the Center of the Barker Hypothesis and Their Transgenerational Implications," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(23), pages 1-12, December.

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