IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jijerp/v17y2020i14p5158-d385798.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Sex Differences in Maintaining the Requested Handgrip Force Enhanced by Auditory or Visual Feedback

Author

Listed:
  • Jacek Tarnas

    (Department of Physical Education and Lifelong Sports, Poznan University of Physical Education, Królowej Jadwigi 27/39, 61-871 Poznań, Poland)

  • Rafał Stemplewski

    (Department of Physical Activity Sciences and Health Promotion, Poznan University of Physical Education, Królowej Jadwigi 27/39, 61-871 Poznań, Poland)

  • Piotr Krutki

    (Department of Neurobiology, Poznan University of Physical Education, Królowej Jadwigi 27/39, 61-871 Poznań, Poland)

Abstract

Thus far, the differences in effect of auditory or visual feedback in motor learning have presented results derived from mixed groups and sex differences have not been considered. However, perception and processing of auditory stimuli and performance of visual motor tasks appear to be sex-related. The purpose of this study was to investigate the learning of the simple motor task of maintaining a requested handgrip force in separate male and female groups. A total of 31 volunteers (15 males, 16 females) were randomly assigned to one of four experimental groups with defined sex and training conditions (audio or visual feedback). Participants performed training sessions over a period of six days, for which auditory or visual feedback was provided, and the effectiveness of both types of signals was compared. The evident learning effect was found in all groups, and the main effect of sex was significant among visual groups in favor of the males ( p < 0.05). On the other hand, the main effect of feedback conditions was found to be significant among females, beneficially in the case of auditory displays ( p < 0.05). The results lead to the conclusion that an equal number of males and females in mixed experimental groups may be supportive to obtain reliable results. Moreover, in motor-learning studies conducted on females only, a design including auditory feedback would be more suitable.

Suggested Citation

  • Jacek Tarnas & Rafał Stemplewski & Piotr Krutki, 2020. "Sex Differences in Maintaining the Requested Handgrip Force Enhanced by Auditory or Visual Feedback," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(14), pages 1-10, July.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:17:y:2020:i:14:p:5158-:d:385798
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/17/14/5158/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/17/14/5158/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Shiau-Chuen Chiou & Erik Chihhung Chang, 2016. "Bimanual Coordination Learning with Different Augmented Feedback Modalities and Information Types," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 11(2), pages 1-19, February.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.

      Corrections

      All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:17:y:2020:i:14:p:5158-:d:385798. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

      If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

      If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

      If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

      For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

      Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

      IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.