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Assessment of Radiation Dose from the Consumption of Bottled Drinking Water in Japan

Author

Listed:
  • Aoife Kinahan

    (Environmental Protection Agency, Clonskeagh Square, Clonskeagh, D14 H424 Dublin 14, Ireland)

  • Masahiro Hosoda

    (Graduate School of Health Science, Hirosaki University, 66-1 Hon-cho, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8564, Japan)

  • Kevin Kelleher

    (Environmental Protection Agency, Clonskeagh Square, Clonskeagh, D14 H424 Dublin 14, Ireland)

  • Takakiyo Tsujiguchi

    (Graduate School of Health Science, Hirosaki University, 66-1 Hon-cho, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8564, Japan)

  • Naofumi Akata

    (Institute of Radiation Emergency Medicine, Hirosaki University, 66-1 Hon-cho, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8564, Japan)

  • Shinji Tokonami

    (Institute of Radiation Emergency Medicine, Hirosaki University, 66-1 Hon-cho, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8564, Japan)

  • Lorraine Currivan

    (Environmental Protection Agency, Clonskeagh Square, Clonskeagh, D14 H424 Dublin 14, Ireland)

  • Luis León Vintró

    (School of Physics, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland)

Abstract

Activity concentrations of 234 U, 235 U, 238 U, 226 Ra, 228 Ra, 222 Rn, 210 Po, 210 Pb, 40 K, 3 H, 14 C, 134 Cs and 137 Cs were determined in 20 different Japanese bottled drinking water commercially available in Japan. The origins of the mineral water samples were geographically distributed across different regions of Japan. Activity concentrations above detection limits were measured for the radionuclides 234 U, 235 U, 238 U, 226 Ra, 228 Ra and 210 Po. An average total annual effective dose due to ingestion was estimated for adults, based on the average annual volume of bottled water consumed in Japan in 2019, reported to be 31.7 L/y per capita. The estimated dose was found to be below the recommended World Health Organisation (WHO) guidance level of 0.1 mSv/y for drinking water quality. The most significant contributor to the estimated dose was 228 Ra.

Suggested Citation

  • Aoife Kinahan & Masahiro Hosoda & Kevin Kelleher & Takakiyo Tsujiguchi & Naofumi Akata & Shinji Tokonami & Lorraine Currivan & Luis León Vintró, 2020. "Assessment of Radiation Dose from the Consumption of Bottled Drinking Water in Japan," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(14), pages 1-12, July.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:17:y:2020:i:14:p:4992-:d:383196
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    Citations

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    Cited by:

    1. Ryohei Yamada & Masahiro Hosoda & Tomomi Tabe & Yuki Tamakuma & Takahito Suzuki & Kevin Kelleher & Takakiyo Tsujiguchi & Yoshiki Tateyama & Eka Djatnika Nugraha & Anna Okano & Yuki Narumi & Chutima Kr, 2022. "222 Rn and 226 Ra Concentrations in Spring Water and Their Dose Assessment Due to Ingestion Intake," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(3), pages 1-11, February.

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